Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
What are the most common causes of bronchitis/URI?
Viral (rhinovirus)
If an atypical bacteria or whooping cough is suspected, which antibiotic is best?
Azithromycin
Can exudate be present in both viral and bacterial pharyngitis?
Yes
What’s an emergent cause of pharyngitis that presents with fever and deviated uvula, and it needs a neck x-ray if suspected?
Peritonsillar abscess
What are the 2 tests for mono?
- Monospot
2. Heterophile antibody
What could atypical lymphocytes indicate?
EBV (mono)
What’s the best antibiotic for strep?
Penicillin
T/F: most cases of sinusitis are viral?
True
What’s the best first-line antibiotic for sinusitis?
Amoxicillin-clav
When are antibiotics indicated in sinusitis?
If worsening after 3-4 days, if lasts 10+ days, if fever 101+, patient >65, or if patient is immunocompromised
What are the 4 most common causes of otitis media?
- Viruses
- S pneumo
- H influe
- M catarrhalis
What does an air-fluid level behind the TM indicate?
Otitis media or effusion
What’s the best antibiotic for otitis media?
Amoxicillin
What are the 2 most common bacteria for otitis externa?
- S. aureus
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What’s the best treatment for otitis externa?
Topical neomycin/polymyxin B + cortisone
What pneumonia bacterial infection causes GI sx and/or hyponatremia in the elderly?
Legionella
How is pneumonia spread?
Respiratory droplet or secretions
What would you expect on CBC of pneumonia?
Leukocytosis with a neutrophilic predominance or bands
Can pneumonia show air bronchograms or pleural effusion on CXR?
Yes
What’s the first line antibiotic for pneumonia in age <65?
Azithromycin
What’s the first line antibiotic for pneumonia in age 65+ or adults with comorbidities?
Azithromycin + high dose amoxicillin
OR
a floxacin
What’s the antibiotic treatment for children with drug resistent S pneumoniae?
High dose amoxicillin
What are some of the categories of the CURB-65 criteria for pneumonia severity (if 2+ then hospitalize)?
Confusion Uremia (BUN 20+) 30+ breaths/min BP <90/60 Age 65+
Which vaccines for pneumonia are given to age 65+ adults one year apart and in what order?
- 13-valent
- 23-valent
“Start with the lower number”
