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Family Medicine Shelf > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of bronchitis/URI?

A

Viral (rhinovirus)

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2
Q

If an atypical bacteria or whooping cough is suspected, which antibiotic is best?

A

Azithromycin

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3
Q

Can exudate be present in both viral and bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What’s an emergent cause of pharyngitis that presents with fever and deviated uvula, and it needs a neck x-ray if suspected?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

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5
Q

What are the 2 tests for mono?

A
  1. Monospot

2. Heterophile antibody

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6
Q

What could atypical lymphocytes indicate?

A

EBV (mono)

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7
Q

What’s the best antibiotic for strep?

A

Penicillin

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8
Q

T/F: most cases of sinusitis are viral?

A

True

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9
Q

What’s the best first-line antibiotic for sinusitis?

A

Amoxicillin-clav

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10
Q

When are antibiotics indicated in sinusitis?

A

If worsening after 3-4 days, if lasts 10+ days, if fever 101+, patient >65, or if patient is immunocompromised

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11
Q

What are the 4 most common causes of otitis media?

A
  1. Viruses
  2. S pneumo
  3. H influe
  4. M catarrhalis
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12
Q

What does an air-fluid level behind the TM indicate?

A

Otitis media or effusion

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13
Q

What’s the best antibiotic for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

What are the 2 most common bacteria for otitis externa?

A
  1. S. aureus

2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

What’s the best treatment for otitis externa?

A

Topical neomycin/polymyxin B + cortisone

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16
Q

What pneumonia bacterial infection causes GI sx and/or hyponatremia in the elderly?

A

Legionella

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17
Q

How is pneumonia spread?

A

Respiratory droplet or secretions

18
Q

What would you expect on CBC of pneumonia?

A

Leukocytosis with a neutrophilic predominance or bands

19
Q

Can pneumonia show air bronchograms or pleural effusion on CXR?

A

Yes

20
Q

What’s the first line antibiotic for pneumonia in age <65?

A

Azithromycin

21
Q

What’s the first line antibiotic for pneumonia in age 65+ or adults with comorbidities?

A

Azithromycin + high dose amoxicillin
OR
a floxacin

22
Q

What’s the antibiotic treatment for children with drug resistent S pneumoniae?

A

High dose amoxicillin

23
Q

What are some of the categories of the CURB-65 criteria for pneumonia severity (if 2+ then hospitalize)?

A 
Confusion
Uremia (BUN 20+)
30+ breaths/min
BP <90/60
Age 65+
24
Q

Which vaccines for pneumonia are given to age 65+ adults one year apart and in what order?

A
  1. 13-valent
  2. 23-valent

“Start with the lower number”

25
Q

When is the pneumococcal vaccine given to kids?

A

2 mos
4 mos
6 mos
15 mos

26
Q

How old does a baby have to be to get the flu shot?

A

6 mos

27
Q

What’s the FEV/FVC ratio in obstructive lung dz?

A

<0.7

28
Q

In asthma, is it obstructive or restrictive?

A

Obstructive

29
Q

What would the FEV1 be in asthma compared to predicted?

A

80% of predicted

30
Q

Can bronchodilator improve FEV1 in asthma?

A

Yes

31
Q

What’s the chain of asthma treatment?

A
  1. SABA for acute exacerbations
  2. Inhaled glucocorticoids for long term control
  3. LABA (must be used with a steroid)
32
Q

What should you do if you suspect COPD in a patient <45?

A

Test a-1 antitrypsin levels

33
Q

What would you expect the FEV1/FVC to be in COPD?

A

<0.70 and not reversible with bronchodilator

34
Q

What 3 main sx indicate a COPD exacerbation?

A
  1. Increased sputum production
  2. Increased dyspnea
  3. Increased sputum purulence
35
Q

What’s the tx for an acute COPD exacerbation?

A

Oral steroids plus inhaler with SABA

36
Q

When are abx indicated in COPD?

A

If 2-3 main sx are present

37
Q

What antibiotic is used for uncomplicated COPD exacerbation?

A

Macrolide

38
Q

What antibiotic is used for COPD that is complicated or with other risk factors?

A

Fluoroquinolone

39
Q

Do you use asthma treatments for COPD?

A

Yes

40
Q

What 2 tests can show a PE?

A

CT and V/Q scan

41
Q

How long do you have to treat with anticoags after PE?

A

3 mos

42
Q

T/F: LMWH has unpredictable metabolism in patients with poor kidney function?

A

True

Family Medicine Shelf (16 decks)

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