Renal, Urinary, and Male Reproductive Flashcards
What’s the definition of AKI?
Increase in serum creatinine by 0.3mg/dL in a 48-hr period OR increase in serum creatinine to equal or greater than 1.5x baseline within 7 days
What is CKD often caused by?
Poorly controlled DM
What’s the definition of CKD?
GFR<60 or damage evidenced by albuminuria, urine sediment abnormalities, electrolyte or histology
What’s an early sign of CKD?
Microalbuminuria
What’s the definition of microalbuminuria?
30-300mg albumin excreted in a 24-hour period
What meds can improve GFR?
ACEi’s
Which 2 types of stones are radiolucent?
- Uric acid
2. Cystine
What’s the cutoff in mm for kidney stones passing without surgical intervention?
5mm
How many days should uncomplicated cystitis be treated?
3 days of abx
What are the 3 preferred abx for UTI?
- TMP-SMX
- Nitrofurantoin
- Fosfomycin
Which 3 UTI organisms form nitrate?
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Proteus
Which 3 UTI organisms do not form nitrate?
- S. saprophyticus
- Enterococcus
- Pseudomonas
Can nitrofurantoin be used in pyelonephritis?
No, it doesn’t penetrate kidney tissue
In patients >35 with hematuria, what procedure needs to be done?
Cytoscopy
What travel-associated bug can cause hematuria?
Schistosomiasis
What’s the level of protein loss that defines “nephrotic?”
> 4500mg/24h
How do you diagnose proteinuria?
24-hour urine collection
Which type of incontinence occurs during coughing etc?
Stress incontinence
Which type of incontinence happens with involuntary detrusor contraction and in men is associated with BPH?
Urge incontinence
What’s the tx for stress incontinence?
Kegels, urethral sling surgery, physical stuff
What’s the tx for urge incontinence?
Anticholinergics, but careful in BPH and elderly
Do the same organisms that cause UTI also cause prostatitis?
Yes
What organisms usually cause chronic prostatitis?
Same as acute, but also chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trich
Which organism is responsible for 85% of acute prostatitis?
E. coli
