Common Symptoms Flashcards
Where does the pain of the following localize to: Pancreatitis Early appendicitis Gastroenteritis Intestinal obstruction Mesenteric ischemia Peritonitis IBD/IBS Malignancy Celiac Constipation
Diffuse
Where does the pain of the following localize to: Biliary colic Cholecystitis Hepatitis CHF Cholangitis Pancreatitis Duodenal ulcer
RUQ
Where does the pain of the following localize to: Pancreatitis MI Gastritis Peptic ulcer GERD Gastroparesis Dyspepsia
Epigastric
Where does the pain of the following localize to:
Hernia
Early appendicitis
Umbilical
Where does the pain of the following localize to:
Appendicitis
Cecal diverticulitis
RLQ
Where does the pain of the following localize to:
Constipation
Sigmoid diverticulitis
LLQ
Where does the pain of the following localize to: Hernia with strangulation Tubo-ovarian abscess Ovarian torsion Testicular torsion Endometriosis Nephrolithiasis PID Mittelschmerz Ectopic pregnancy
Lower quadrants
Where does the pain of the following localize to:
Cystitis
Suprapubic
What might high-pitched bowel sounds signify?
Acute abdomen
What’s the difference between lordosis and kyphosis?
Lordosis: inward lumbar curve
Kyphosis: outward thoracic
What’s spondylosis?
Arthritis of the spine
What’s spondylolisthesis?
Anterior displacement of a vertebra compared to the one beneath it
What’s spondylolysis?
Fracture of the pars interarticularis
What’s the definition of acute back pain?
0-4 weeks
What’s the definition of subacute back pain?
4-12 weeks
Which nerve root compromise causes the following:
Pain: lateral hip to anterior thigh and shin
Numbness: anterior low thigh and knee
Motor weakness: quads extension
Screening exam: squat and rise
Reflex: patellar diminished
L4
Which nerve root compromise causes the following:
Pain: low back to lateral buttock to lateral thigh and lateral lower leg
Numbness: lateral lower leg
Motor weakness: dorsiflex great toe and foot
Screening exam: heel walk
Reflex: none
L5
Which nerve root compromise causes the following:
Pain: posterior buttock to posterior thigh and lower leg
Numbness: posterior lower leg and lateral foot
Motor weakness: plantar flex great toe and foot
Screening exam: toe walk
Reflex: achilles diminished
S1
Is age >50 an indication for x-ray for back pain?
Yes
How can you differentiate between cardiac and non-cardiac causes of chest pain via physical exam?
MSK pain will have tenderness to palpation of the chest wall
What percentage of chest pain in the primary care setting is caused by acute cardiac ischemia?
2%
What is considered a positive straight leg test?
Pain, tingling, or numbness that goes beyond the knee
What are the top 5 etiologies of chest pain in primary care by prevalence?
MSK > Cardiac > GI > Pulmonary > Psych
What’s the most likely symptom of acute MI?
Radiation to R arm or shoulder
What’s the first test for chest pain?
EKG
How many weeks is a subacute cough?
3-8 weeks
What causes cobblestoning of posterior pharynx?
Postnasal drip
What condition causes egophany?
Pneumonia
What age can kids start using cold meds?
Age 4
When do you test for Bordatella pertussis?
If cough >2 weeks and 1+ of the following:
- Paroxysms of coughing
- Inspiratory whoop
- Posttussive emesis
- Apnea in children <1
What’s the most important factor in evaluating dizziness?
History
What’s a cause of vertigo that can be prolonged, severe, associated with a viral syndrome, and is treated with antihistamines and antiemetics?
Vestibular neuritis (labrynthitis)
What are 6 main causes of vertigo?
- Vestibular neuritis
- Cerebellar stroke
- Meniere disease
- Vestibular migraine
- BBPV
- Psychogenic
What 2 conditions can have wheezing?
- Asthma
2. COPD
What is JVD associated with?
HF, SVC syndrome
What is unilateral leg swelling and dyspnea associated with?
PE
What age in kids is fever always considered very serious?
<1 month old
At what age can kids get tylenol?
3+ months
What’s a chalazion?
A blockage of the meibomian gland; a granulomatous process
What’s a hordoleum?
A sty. Aka a blockage of an oil gland or eyelash follicle; an inflammatory process
“Olivia is a horder and has lots of inflammation”
What eye condition causes inflammation of the eyelids due to staph, seborrheic, or Meibomian gland dysfunction, and presents with red, itchy eyes with pink eyelids?
Blepharitis
What’s the first-line treatment for blepharitis?
Warm, moist compresses 4x/day
What eye condition is caused by trauma, anticoagulant use, cough, or sneeze, and does not involve the anterior chamber or cornea?
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
What eye condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, can be infectious or noninfectious, and can be viral, bacterial, allergic, or traumatic?
Conjunctivitis
What’s the first-line treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Erythromycin ointment
What’s the first-line treatment for viral conjunctivitis?
None
Why is erythromycin eye ointment administered to all newborns?
To prevent infectious congenital conjunctivitis
What kind of eye drops can you use for allergic conjunctivitis?
Antihistamines such as naphazoline HCl/pheniramine maleate
What’s an annoying side effect of erythromycin eye ointment?
Leaves a film over the eye that makes it hard to see
What type of newborn eye conjunctivitis causes sx within 24h of birth?
Chemical
What type of newborn eye conjunctivitis causes sx within 24-48h of birth?
Gonorrhea
What type of newborn eye conjunctivitis causes sx after 48h of birth?
Other bacteria
What type of newborn eye conjunctivitis causes sx within 1-5d of birth?
HSV
What type of newborn eye conjunctivitis causes sx within 5-10d of birth?
Chlamydia
What’s the most common eye injury?
Corneal abrasion
What can cause symptomatic relief from corneal abrasion?
Proparacaine eye drops
Will proparacaine eye drops relieve the pain of glaucoma?
No
How can you test for a corneal abrasion or ulcer?
Florescein staining
Is patching recommended for corneal abrasion?
No
What abx can you use for corneal abrasion?
Erythromycin
What eye condition is characterized by crusting of the eyelashes, thickening of the eyelids, telangiectatic vessels along the lid margins, and plugging of the meibomian ducts?
Blepharitis
T/F: bacterial conjunctivitis has purulent discharge, whereas viral conjunctivitis has a gritty eye feeling?
True!
T/F: viral conjunctivitis is self-limited?
True
T/F: treat bacterial conjunctivitis with erythromycin ointment?
True
What eye condition can cause blindness, is characterized by burning and itching, and dendritic lesions on cornea with fluourescein stain, and is treated with oral acyclovir?
Herpetic keratitis
What eye condition is characterized by intraocular inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye, and can be caused by CMV, syphilis, herpes, sarcoid, SLE, etc?
Iritis (anterior uveitis)
How do you diagnose acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Slit lamp exam
What category of drugs should you avoid in acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Anticholinergics
What 2 drugs can you give for acute angle-closure glaucoma?
- Acetazolamide
2. Mannitol
