Blood Disorders Flashcards
Which type of anemia has low MCV, low ferritin, and increased TIBC (transferrin)?
Iron deficiency
“We’re running out of ferries because we have no iron”
Which type of anemia has low MCV, high/normal ferritin, and decreased TIBC (transferrin)?
Anemia of chronic disease
What’s a blood side effect from TMP-SMX?
Thrombocytopenia
What are some causes of low platelets?
- Heparin, TMP-SMX
- Infex
- B12/folate deficiency
- Pregnancy
- ITP
- Hypersplenism
- DIC
- TTP/HUS
- Malignancy
What’s the diff between TTP/HUS and ITP?
TTP has altered mental status
When is thrombocytopenia severe?
If less than 50,000
What are the 3 categories of hyponatremia?
- Hypovolemic
- Euvolemic
- Hypervolemic
What category of hyponatremia is from diuretics, dermal losses, GI losses, pancreatitis, and hyperaldosteronism?
Hypovolemic
What category of hyponatremia is from SIADH, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, or primary polydipsia?
Euvolemic
What category of hyponatremia is from acute HF or cirrhosis?
Hypervolemic
What is pseudohyponatremia?
Hyperglycemia, elevated lipids, high serum protein
What could be causing the symptoms of nausea, headache, confusion, malaise/weakness, seizures, and coma?
Hyponatremia
What could cause a urine osmolality greater than 100?
ADH release
In true hyponatremia, what’s the serum osmolality level?
Low
What can happen when you go from low to high?
The pons will die (osmotic demyelination syndrome)
What’s the goal increase in sodium correction in 24h?
8mEq in 24h
What’s the calculation for sodium correction in hyponatremia?
(Fluid Na-Serum Na)/(TBW+1)
What’s TBW in males?
60% of weight
What’s TBW in females?
50% of weight
What’s the treatment for SIADH?
Fluid restriction, salt tablets, tolvaptan
What might cause hypernatremia?
Sweat, GI losses, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis
What does a urine osmolality of 600+ indicate?
Hypernatremia
What urine osmolality threshold applies to diabetes insipidus?
Less than 300
What 2 populations are more likely to get hypernatremia because they cannot manage their fluid intake as well?
- Very young
2. Very old
