Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
Influenza
-chronic medical conditions, –compromised immune systems
-very young and the very old
-Transmitted by direct contact with nasal secretions and aerosolized droplets
from coughing and sneezing by infected people.
-place surgical mask on patient and yourself with suspected respiratory disease
-medical medications
-attacks respiratory system
-fever, cough, sore throat, stuffy/runny nose
Herpes Simplex
-causes ulcers or blisters
-carried by humans
-Symptomatic infections cause vesicles that appear on the lips or genitals.
-Primary mode of infection is through close personal contact.
HIV
-the immune system is less sustainable
-your risk is limited to exposure to an infected patient’s blood or body fluids
-wear your PPE
-many patients don’t show symptoms
Hepatitis
-inflammation of the liver
-can be caused by viruses and toxins
-there is no sure way to tell which hepatitis patients are contagious
-sexual, saliva, urine, blood
Meningitis
-inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord
-not contagious
-treated with antibiotics
-after treating meningitis, contact employer health rep
-flu like symptoms with an aching of the neck or back
TB
-Chronic mycobacterial disease that usually strikes the lungs
-Patients who pose the highest risk almost always have a cough.
N95 or HEPA mask is required to stop droplet nuclei.
-1/3 of the world is infected by TB
Whooping cough
-pertussis
-whoop sound
MRSA
-bacterium that causes infections
-resistant to antibiotics
-patient to patient transmissions
-soft tissue infections
caused by
-Antibiotic therapy
-Prolonged hospital stays
croup
-inflammation of pharynx, larynx, and trachea
-stridor and seal bark cough
-responds well to humidified oxygen
epiglotitis
-bacterial inflammation of epiglottis
-children are often drooling and tripod position
-position comfortably and provide oxygen
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
-young children
-causes infection in lungs and passages
-look for dehydration
-treat airway and breathing problems
-humidified O2
Bronchiolitis
viral illness caused by RSV
-usually affects new borns and toddlers
-bronchioles become inflamed, swell, and fill with mucus
-apply oxygen therapy
-runny nose, lose of appetite, fever, cough
Pneumonia
-bacterial pneumonia will come on quickly and result in fever
-assess temp and provide airway support and supplemental O2
-air sacs filled with mucus
Acute Pulmonary Edema
-Fluid builds up within alveoli in lung tissue
-Usually result of congestive heart failure (left, offsets blood pressure and puts fluids into lungs)
-Most patients have a long-standing history of chronic congestive heart failure.
-In severe cases, a frothy pink sputum forms at the nose and mouth
-wet lung sounds
-Suction if necessary.
-Provide CPAP if indicated and allowed by protocol.
Emphysema
-loss of elastic material in the lungs
-causes include inflamed airways, smoking
Most patients with COPD have elements of both chronic bronchitis and emphysema
