Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

328 Pediatrics Exam 1 > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

List some early signs of respiratory distress/respiratory failure.

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Irritability, restlessness
  • Nasal Flaring
  • Retractions
  • Expiratory grunting
  • Hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List some late/severe signs of respiratory distress/respiratory failure.

A
  • Depressed respirations
  • Bradycardia
  • Lethargy, drowsy
  • Cyanosis
  • Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the etiology of Croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis).

A

Viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a defining characteristic of Croup?

A

Barking cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Croup treatment?

A
  • Racemic epinephrine nebulizer
  • Oxygen if O2 sat < 92% : Blow-by oxygen most effective.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the etiology of Epiglottitis?

A
  • Life threatening condition
  • Inflammation of the epiglottis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epiglottitis clinical manifestations?

A
  • irritability and restlessness
  • drooling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you prevent Epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epiglottitis emergency treatment?

A
  • Primary (A-B-C)
    ~ Airway management (intubation) – if possible in the operating room
  • Secondary
    ~ IV antibiotics
    ~ IV corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is Epiglottitis life threatening?

A

Respiratory distress can lead to respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the etiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).

A

Viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) manifestations?

A
  • excessive clear nasal secretions
  • poor appetite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) treatment?

A
  • Palivizumab (Synagis) prophylaxis
  • Nasopharnyx suction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe sequelae of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat).

A

Risk for serious sequelae if strep throat infection untreated:

  • Acute rheumatic fever-Rheumatic Heart Disease
  • Acute glomerulonephritis
  • Scarlet fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) diagnosed?

A

Diagnostic evaluation-throat culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) treatment?

A

Antibiotics

17
Q

Tonsillitis manifestations?

A

Inflammation

18
Q

Tonsillitis treatment?

A
  • Surgical
    ~ May be indicated with massive hypertrophy
19
Q

What are some post-op considerations for tonsillectomy?

A
  • Observation—frequent swallowing may indicate bleeding
  • NO suctioning
20
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of asthma.

A
  • Reversible airflow obstruction
    ~ Bronchoconstriction
    ~ Inflammation
    ~ Secretions
21
Q

What are some risk factors of asthma?

A
  • Family History-genetic susceptibility
  • Allergies (environmental, food)
  • Exposure to smoke
  • Frequent respiratory infections (RSV, influenza)
  • Obesity
22
Q

Asthma clinical manifestations?

A
  • Wheezing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest tightness
  • Cough (often worse at night)
23
Q

What is a Peak Flow Meter and how do you use it?

A
  • Measures how fast air is expelled from the lungs during forceful expiration.
  • Blow out as hard and quick as you can.
  • Repeat 2x (30 seconds between)
24
Q

What is a spacer?

A

A spacer is an attachment that fits onto the end of your inhaler. If you use your inhaler without a spacer, then most of the medicine ends up inside your mouth or stomach, instead of your lungs, where it works best.

25
Q

Asthma rescue drug therapy?

A
  • Rescue (Quick Relief) medications
    ~ Short-acting β2-agonists (SABA)
  • Corticosteroids-Inflammation
26
Q

How do you manage status asthmaticus?

A
  • IV Epinephrine
  • Corticosteroid (Solu Medrol) first line of treatment.
27
Q

Asthma long-term treatment?

A

Long-term control meds (Maintenance)
~ LABAs

28
Q

Describe SDOH considerations on asthma.

A
  • SDOH factors associated with increased asthma morbidity:
    ~ Environmental
    ~ Social
29
Q

Describe environmental impact on asthma?

A
  • Allergen exposure
  • Environmental pollution
30
Q

Describe social impact on asthma?

A
  • Racial or ethnic prejudice or discrimination
  • Poverty
  • Exposure to high levels of stress or violence
  • Food or housing insecurity
31
Q

What is the etiology of Cystic Fibrosis?

A
  • Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease due to mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene.
32
Q

Describe the physiology of Cystic Fibrosis.

A

Both parents are carriers, there is a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of each child having CF.

33
Q

Cystic Fibrosis manifestations?

A
  • Abnormal thick mucus
  • Crackles
34
Q

Cystic Fibrosis diagnostic evaluation?

A

Repeated Bronchitis and Pneumonia

35
Q

Cystic Fibrosis life-threatening complication?

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax

36
Q

Cystic Fibrosis treatment?

A

Antibiotics (Tobramycin) aerosolized is the main treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

37
Q

Describe the prognosis of Cystic Fibrosis.

A

Chronic and Progressive

38
Q

What do you do in the case of accidental decannulation (accidentally remove tracheostomy)?

A

Always have two extra tracheostomy tubes at the bedside: one same size and one smaller

39
Q

How do you change trachea ties during care of tracheostomy?

A

Change trachea ties with 2 people

328 Pediatrics Exam 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions