Respiratory disease Flashcards
What are the differences in asthma and COPD
Asthma is often in young children and is not brought about by smoking. Asthma is worse at night and has vairiable breathlessness.
COPD is in older people who have almost always smoked. Chronic productive cough and there is no differentiation in symptoms in the day or at night.
What causes asthma (biological mechanism)
Inflammation of airways and tightening of smooth muscle around bronchioles
What trigger asthma?
Exercise
Infection
NSAIDs
Beta blockers
Dust/pollen/animals
Colophony
Latex
Macrolide antibiotics are contraindicated with theophylline
How is asthma managed
Relievers -
beta 2 agonist (salbutamol/salmeterol)
Antimuscatrinic drugs (ipratropium/-troping)
Theophylline
Preventers-
Inhailed steroids (beclometasone)
Systemic corticosteroids (predinisalone)
Leukotrine receptor antagonist (montelukast)
Cromoglycates (sodium cromoglycate)
How is COPD managed
Limit risk factors
Limit progression
Bronchodilators
Nebulisers
Oral corticosteroids
What is strep a and how is it managed
Spread in close contact in children
Symptoms include soar throat strawberry tongue, fever, lymphadenopathies
Self limits lasts about 7 days
Penicillins curatives
Pneumonia symptoms
Bacteria in the sterile alveoli
These then fill with inflammatory cells and fluid
Caused by strep peanumoniae
Viral usually comes from URTI
Symptoms include breathlessness (desponea)
Sputum production
Chest pain
Lung cancer symptoms
Common site for primary tumours and secondary metastasise
Small cell difficult to treat
Risks are smoking obesity and asbestos
Continuous cough
Coughing blood
Finger clubbing
Laryngeal cancer
Risks: smoking, HPV, occupational hazards
Symptoms: difficulty swallowing feeling of something stuck in throat, cough and bad breath.
Do not put O2 on face in MI
Pulmonary embolism
Distant thrombus dislodges
Risks:
Recent surgery
Long haul
Obesity
Heart failure
Cancer
Factor V Leiden deficiency
HIV
