Drugs Flashcards
What is NNT
Number needed to treat meaning number of people you must give the drug to for one adverse outcome
For example an NNT of 5 means five people will have to have the drug before one person has a good intended benefit
What is tachyphlaxis
Tolerance after very few does
How does tolerance occur
Metabolism change or increase in receptors enzymes etc so drug has less effect
ADME what does it mean
Absorption distribution metabolism excretion
What affects the action of a drug in relation to ADME
Food eared the way it’s administered the age of a Persia etc etc
What is cytochrome P450 dependant mixed function oxidases
These are enzymes in the liver can differ and alter drug concentrations in the body
CYP34A is abundantly expressed and used in more than half clinically used drugs
How are drugs excreted
Mostly kidneys
Very little in feces
Some volatile are excreted by the lungs
What are the different types of adverse drug reactions
1 anaphylaxis
2 cytotoxic
3 antibody antigen complex
4 cell mediated delayed
Which dental drugs are enzyme inhibitors me what does this cause
Erythromycin - warfarin (increases bleeding) calcium channel blockers (hypotension) simvastatin (increased muscle breakdown) clopidogrel (increased risk of bleeding)
Metronidazole- ethanol (inhibits metabolism) warfarin (increases bleeding) phenytoin (toxicity risk)
Azole antifungals warfarin (increased bleeding risk)
What increases the risk of fungal infections
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Corticosteroids
What increases risk of viral infections
Anti rejection drugs
What drugs can induce oral ulceration
Cytotoxic agents given in chemo
Nicorandil given for angina
NSAIDS
What is urticaria
White and red itchy rash
What drugs cause gingival enlargement
Phenytoin ciclosporin CCBs valproate
What drugs a cause dysasthesia
Metronidazole metformin and sertraline cause a metallic taste
Ace inhibitors can change taste and cause oralmucosal burning
