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Phase 2a Resits Red Conditions > Respiratory COPY > Flashcards

Respiratory COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is Goodpasture’s Syndrome?

A
  • autoimmune anti glomerular basement membrane disease
  • antibodies attack basement membrane in lungs and kidneys
  • bleeding lungs, glomerulonephritis, kidney failure
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2
Q

Presentation of Goodpasture’s

A
  • haemoptysis
  • haematuria
  • dyspnoea
  • glomerulonephritis
  • chest pain
  • fever
  • fatigue
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3
Q

Investigations for Goodpasture’s

A

lung and kidney biopsy → anti-GBM antibodies

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4
Q

Treatment for Goodpasture’s

A
  • supportive
  • corticosteroids
  • immunosuppresants
  • removal/replacement of plasma → plasmapheresis
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5
Q

What is hypersensitivity penumonitis?

A
  • type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
  • alveolar and bronchial inflammation after exposure to inhaled allergen
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6
Q

Presentation of hypersensitivity

A
  • dyspnoea
  • cough
  • fever
  • malaise
  • weight loss
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7
Q

Investigations for hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

bronchoalveolar lavage

  • raised lymphocytes
  • raised mast cells
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8
Q

Treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A
  • remove allergens
  • steroids
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9
Q

What are examples of occupational lung disorders

A
  • silicosis
  • asbestosis
  • bird fanciers lung
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10
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

rapid onset of sore throat and pharyngeal inflammation +/- exudate

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11
Q

Common causes of pharyngitis

A
  • EBV
  • adenoviruses
  • enteroviruses
  • group A streptococcus
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12
Q

Symptoms of pharyngitis

A
  • sore throat
  • fever
  • headache, nausea, abdominal pain → kids
  • rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, cough → viral
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13
Q

What factors suggest a group A strep pharyngitis?

A
  • pharyngeal exudates
  • cervical adenopathy
  • fever
  • absence of cough/rhinorrhoea
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14
Q

Diagnosis of pharyngitis

A
  1. clinical symptoms consistent with group A strep infection
  2. rapid antigen detection test for group A strep
  3. -ve → conventional throat culture
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15
Q

Treatment of pharyngitis

A
  • supportive → analgesia
  • if group A strep, add Abs
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16
Q

What is sinusitis?

A
  • inflammation of mucous membrane of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
  • AKA acute rhinosinusitis
17
Q

Causes of sinusitis

A
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
  • haemophilus influenzae
  • rhinoviruses
  • can progress to secondary bacterial infection
18
Q

Risk factors for sinusitis

A
  • nasal pathology → septal deviation, nasal polyps
  • recent local infection → rhinitis, dental extraction
  • swimming
  • smoking
19
Q

Viral presentation of sinusitis

A
  • symptoms <10 days
  • clear nasal discharge
  • fever
  • sore throat
20
Q

Bacterial presentation of sinusitis

A
  • symptoms >10 days
  • purulent nasal discharge
  • dental/facial pain
  • headache
21
Q

Investigations of sinusitis

A
  • clinical diagnosis
  • distinguish viral vs bacterial
22
Q

Management of sinusitis

A

viral

  • self limiting disease
  • treatment is symptomatic

bacterial

  • symptom-based therapy
  • Ab generally avoided but can shorten infection
23
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A
  • inflammation of the middle ear
  • associated with effusion, signs of infection
24
Q

Causes of acute otitis media

A

viral

  • RSV
  • rhinovirus
  • adenovirus
  • influenza

most common bacterial

  • H.influenzae
  • S.pneumoniae
  • moraxella catarrhalis
25
Q

Risk factors for acute otitis media

A
  • young
  • male
  • smoking
  • frequent contact with other children
  • family history
26
Q

Presentation of acute otitis media

A
  • otalgia
  • preceding URTI symptoms
  • fever
  • sleep disturbance
  • irritability in children
27
Q

Diagnosis of acute otitis media

A

otoscopy → bulging and erythema of tympanic membrane

28
Q

Management of acute otitis media

A
  1. regular analgesia
    - amoxicillin
    - consider admitting kids <3 months/ 3-6 months with temp 39+
29
Q

What is acute epiglottitis

A
  • inflammation of epiglottis
  • airway emergency
  • typically 2-6, can be younger
30
Q

causes of acute epiglottitis

A
  • inflammation of supraglottis
  • classically with H.influenzae
  • can be S.pneumoniae
31
Q

Presentation of acute epiglottitis

A
  • acute onset high fever
  • toxic appearance
  • tripoding
  • sore throat
  • dysphagia and painful
  • difficulty breathing
  • decreased oral intake
  • stridor
32
Q

Diagnosis of acute epiglottitis

A
  • laryngoscopy during intubation in an OT
  • lateral neck radiography → thumb print sign
33
Q

Management of acute epiglottitis

A
  1. secure airway
  2. IV Abs
  3. supplemental O2
    - maybe heliox and corticosteroids

Phase 2a Resits Red Conditions (10 decks)

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