Liver and friends Flashcards
1
Q
What is a hernia?
A
- protrusion of organ through defect in wall of its containing cavity
2
Q
What are the classifications of hernias?
A
- reducible
- irreducible
- obstructed = intestinal flow stopped
- strangulated = blood supply cut off → ischaemia +/- gangrene
3
Q
What is an inguinal hernia?
A
protrusion of abdominal contents through inguinal canal
4
Q
Risk factos of inguinal hernia
A
- male
- chronic cough
- heavy lifting
- past abdominal surgery
5
Q
Presentation of inguinal hernia
A
- swelling in groin/scrotum
- may be painful
- may be reducible
6
Q
Investigation for inguinal hernia
A
- clinical diagnosis
- US/CT/MRI
7
Q
What is a femoral hernia?
A
bowel come through femoral canal
8
Q
Presentation of inguinal hernia
A
- mass in upper medial thigh
- may be cough impulse
- likely to be irreducible and strangulate → due to rigidity of canal’s borders
9
Q
Investigation for femoral hernia
A
- clinical diagnosis
- US/CT/MRI
10
Q
What is a hiatus hernis?
A
herniation of the stomach through oesophageal aperture of diaphragm
11
Q
Risk factors of hiatus hernia
A
- obesity
- female
- pregnancy
- ascites
- advanced age
- skeletal deformities
12
Q
Other types of hernias
A
- incisional = through surgical scar
- epigastric = through linea alba above umbilicus
- umbilical = at umbilicus
13
Q
Investigations for hiatus hernia
A
- chest xray
- barium swallow
- endoscopy
- oesophageal manometry
14
Q
Management of hernis
A
SURGERY
15
Q
What is the most common type of liver cancer?
A
hepatocellular carcinoma 80%
- prognosis = 3-6 months if unresectable
