Respiratory - Class 4

Question 1

2 main types of infection related respiratory pathologies

Answer 1

Pneumonia & Tuberculosis

Question 2

Lobar Type
Bronchopneumonia

Answer 2

Pneumonia

Question 3

Primary
Secondary

Answer 3

Tuberculosis

Question 4

is an infection leading to inflammation of the parenchymal structures of the lungs, characterized by vascular permeability and hyperemia, leading to exudate formation that fills the alveolar spaces and distal bronchioles.

Answer 4

Pneumonia (pneumonitis)

Question 4

T/F Influenza, resulting in pneumonia is a major contributor to death and hospitalization among the elderly.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Lobar Pneumonia and Bronchopneumonia

Answer 5

2 main types of pneumonia

Question 6

Causes of pneumonia

Answer 6

Infection (bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites)

Question 7

Anytime the body’s normal defenses are deficient, making it an opportunistic disease (especially with _____ ______ )

Answer 7

elderly patients

Question 8

Pneumonia affecting a whole lobe or a large section of the lobe of a lung. Commonly arises due to a streptococcal bacterial infection (pneumococcus). Usually rapid onset, affecting an otherwise healthy person.

Answer 8

Lobar Pneumonia

Question 9

possible hemoptysis (coughing up blood) due to damaged lung tissue


Answer 9

Signs and Symptoms OF Lobar Pneumonia

Question 10

complications may include endocarditis, meningitis, pleural adhesion, chronic bronchitis


Answer 10

Signs and Symptoms OF Lobar Pneumonia

Question 11

T/F Lobar Pneumonia is now fully treatable with antibiotics

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Stages of Lobar Pneumonia

Answer 12

Congestion
Red Hepatization
Gray Hepatization
Resolution

Question 13

Often caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria (can also be of viral or fungal origin). Presents as diffuse and bilateral patches of inflammation around the terminal bronchioles and alveoli, affecting one or several lobes of the lungs.

Answer 13

Bronchopneumonia

Question 14

Usually slower, insidious onset, affecting those people already debilitated or immunosuppressed (elderly, infants, AIDS patients), and usually takes much longer to run it’s course than lobar pneumonia. Rarely reaches the resolution phase – becoming chronic, with remission and relapse, may lead to death in an already compromised person.

Answer 14

Bronchopneumonia

Question 15

T/F May be difficult to distinguish bronchopneumonia from another existing primary pathology in a debilitated patient.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

-abscess formation
- spread of the infection to the pleural cavity (pleuritis)
- replacement of exudate by fibroblasts

Answer 16

Complications of Pneumonia

Question 17

Highly virulent, infectious disease, caused by the mycobacterium bacilli tuberculosis. Spread by airborne transmission of tubercle bacillus, especially in densely populated areas and areas of poor hygiene/ malnutrition/ poverty.

Answer 17

Tuberculosis (TB)

Question 18

the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide.

Answer 18

Tuberculosis (TB)

Question 19

T/F Prevalence of TB in Canada is low, but remains high among First Nations peoples and in persons that were born in other countries with a high incidence of TB.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

When latent, the infected do not have an active disease and cannot spread it to others - bacteria is controlled by the body and becomes dormant but not destroyed.

Answer 20

Stage 2: Latent/ Intermediate TB

Question 21

T/F Stage 1 and 3 of TB are when the px is infectious. Stage 2 they are not as it is the latent phase.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

T/F Tuberculosis cannot spread to regions OUTSIDE the lungs which may be fatal.

Answer 22

FASLE IT CAN SPREAD

Question 23

A hereditary disorder, involving the exocrine glands: sweat glands, digestive glands, liver, pancreas and intestines and mucous glands of lungs.

Answer 23

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 24

A group of lung diseases associated with inhalation of different types of dust, primarily occupational in nature.

Answer 24

Pneumoconiosis

Question 25

“popcorn workers lung” or “popcorn lung”;

Answer 25

bronchiolitis obliterans (constrictive bronchiolitis)

Question 26

Contains 50 to 70 percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke.

Answer 26

Cannabis Smoke

Question 27

T/F Cannabis smoke does not contain many of the same toxins as cigarette smoke and can lead to chronic bronchitis and inflammation of the lung.

Answer 27

FASLE
Cannabis smoke contains many of the same toxins as cigarette smoke

Question 28

Bronchogenic Carcinoma &
Mesothelioma

Answer 28

2 main types of lung cancer

Question 29

Most common type: 90% of lung cancers are bronchogenic

Answer 29

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 30

Originates in epithelial lining of bronchial tree

Answer 30

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 31

Highly metastatic: common sites of metastases are liver, adrenals, bone, brain and kidney

Answer 31

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 31

• Malignant tumour of the epithelium covering serous membranes (pleura, peritoneum, pericardium)
• Occurs due to asbestos exposure
• Rare

Answer 31

Mesothelioma