Kidneys - Terms/Definitions

Question 1

full body (generalized) edema

Answer 1

Anasarca

Question 2

kidneys are not producing urine

Answer 2

Anuria

Question 3

increased nitrogen level in the blood

Answer 3

Azotemia

Question 4

fluid accumulation (edema) in the serous sac around the abdominal organs

Answer 4

Ascites

Question 5

edema accumulates where acted upon by gravity, usually in the extremities

Answer 5

Dependent Edema

Question 6

discomfort/pain during urination

Answer 6

Dysuria

Question 7

blood in the urine; can be microscopic or visible to the naked eye

Answer 7

Hematuria

Question 8

thickening of microvasculature walls, making them less flexible, and in the case of capillaries, less permeable—increases total peripheral resistance; also occurs in glomeruli as part of the degenerative process

Answer 8

Hyalinization

Question 9

fluid accumulation (edema) in the serous sac around the heart

Answer 9

Hydropericardium

Question 10

fluid accumulation (edema) in the serous sac around the lungs

Answer 10

Hydrothorax

Question 11

high lipid content in the urine

Answer 11

Hyperlipiduria

Question 12

chronically elevated blood pressure; the term malignant hypertension signifies severe, immediately dangerous hypertension

Answer 12

Hypertension

Question 13

too much fluid in the blood

Answer 13

Hypervolemia

Question 14

insufficient plasma proteins in the blood

Answer 14

Hypoalbuminemia/Hypoproteinuria

Question 15

occurs when the body produces too much acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body; can lead to acidemia (blood pH is less than 7.35) due to increased production of hydrogen by the body or the inability of the body to form bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the kidney or remove hydrogen ions effectively

Answer 15

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 16

reduced output volume per urination

Answer 16

Oliguria

Question 17

effects of recurrent scarring in large blood vessel walls—laid down in layers, it resembles a sliced-through onion—increases total peripheral resistance

Answer 17

Onion-skinning

Question 18

frequent urination

Answer 18

Polyuria

Question 19

plasma proteins in the urine

Answer 19

Proteinuria

Question 20

elevated uric acid in the blood, synonymous with failing kidneys; indicates metabolic wastes are not being cleared

Answer 20

Uremia

Question 21

because of high urea content in perspiration, as fluid evaporates from the skin a white powdery residue is left behind

Answer 21

Uremic Frost

Question 22

inflammation of blood vessels—these terms are used rather than arteritis or phlebitis when a condition affects both arterial and venous vessels, and also when it affects microvasculature primarily

Answer 22

Vasculitis/Angiitis