Respiratory - Chapter 3

Question 1

Anatomy of Upper Respiratory System

Answer 1

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx

Question 2

Anatomy of Lower Respiratory System

Answer 2

trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Question 3

Cilia

Answer 3

• hair-like projections
• prevent dust and other particles from reaching lungs
• lined on the walls of the tracheobronchial tree

Question 4

Proper location of Endotracheal Tube

Answer 4

While the head is neutral, the end should be 5-7cm above the carina

Question 5

Central Venous Catheter (and its proper location)

Answer 5

• enters patient from subclavian vein OR peripheral vein
• measures central venous pressure
• located at brachiocephalic veins join or the SVC

Question 6

Proper location of a Swan-Ganz Catheter

Answer 6

in the right (or left) main pulmonary artery

Question 7

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 7

• hereditary disease
• secretion of very viscous mucus by all exocrine glands; mucus blocks airways
• irregular thickening of linear markings throughout lungs

Question 8

Hyaline Membrane Disease

Answer 8

• hereditary disease
• occurs predominately in premature infants
• caused by lack of surfactant production

Question 9

Surfactant

Answer 9

• mixture of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

- increases surface tension of lungs; allows lungs to expand and contract without “snagging”

Question 10

Croup

Answer 10

• common age group _______
• inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the subglottic portion of trachea
• symptom: barking cough
• narrowed airway in subglottic region

Question 11

Epiglottitis

Answer 11

• common in children aged 3-7 years
• thickening of epiglottis tissue
• “thumb print” appearance on x-ray

Question 12

Pneumonia (and 3 types)

Answer 12

inflammation of the lung

1. Alveolar (air-space) Pneumonia
2. Bronchopneumonia
3. Interstitial Pneumonia

Question 13

Alveolar Pneumonia

Answer 13

• exudate replaces air in alveoli
• affected parts appear radiopaque
• invisible bronchial air column is seen in the radiopaque parenchyma

Question 14

Bronchopneumonia

Answer 14

• bronchiolar mucosa inflammation spreads to adjacent alveoli
• peripheral alveoli usually not affected

Question 15

Interstitial Pneumonia

Answer 15

• caused by viral and mycoplasmal infections

- walls and lining of alveoli are affected

Question 16

Anthrax

Answer 16

• Toxins from sporelike microbe (“Bacillus anthracis”) cause cellular edema and disrupt normal cell function
• causes mediastinal widening (seen on radiograph)