Exam 1 Study Giude (TERMS)

Question 1

Necrosis

Answer 1

death of a tissue

Question 2

Ischemia

Answer 2

an interference of blood supply to an organ, depriving organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients

Question 3

Inflammation

Answer 3

initial response of body tissues to local injury; earliest response: BV dilation

Question 4

5 clinical signs of inflammation

Answer 4

1. rubor (redness)
2. calor (heat)
3. tumor (swelling)
4. dolor (pain)
5. loss of function

Question 5

Edema

Answer 5

accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities

Question 6

Infarct

Answer 6

a local area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of arterial or venous vessels.

Question 7

Nosocomial

Answer 7

Incidences of the development of infections at the acute care facility

Question 8

Etiology

Answer 8

a disease’s underlying cause

Question 9

Tumor

Answer 9

swelling; can be produced by edema or hemorrhage

Question 10

Hyperplasia

Answer 10

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

Question 11

Dysplasia

Answer 11

loss of uniformity of individual cells and their architectural orientation

Question 12

Hypertrophy

Answer 12

increase in size of a cells in a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function

Question 13

Hypertrophy

Answer 13

increase in size of a cells in a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function

Question 14

Metaplasia

Answer 14

abnormal change in the nature of a tissue

Question 15

Neoplasia

Answer 15

Ungoverned abnormal proliferation of cells (abnormal growth)

Question 16

Hematoma

Answer 16

accumulation of blood trapped in body tissues; swelling caused by a collection of blood

Question 17

Phagocytosis

Answer 17

leukocytes enzymatically digest infected organisms and cellular debris

Question 18

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 18

severe and sometimes deadly reaction to an allergen

Question 19

5 symptoms of anaphylactic shock

Answer 19

1. hypotension
2. vascular collapse (shock)
3. urticaria (hives)
4. bronchiolar spasm
5. laryngeal edema

Question 20

Hemorrhage

Answer 20

rupture of a blood vessel; severity is relative to location and amount of blood loss

Question 21

Epiphysis

Answer 21

an end of a bone

Question 22

Diaphysis

Answer 22

the shaft of a bone

Question 23

Metaphysis

Answer 23

the part of the bone that “flares out” proximal to the epiphysis

Question 24

Periosteum

Answer 24

a fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bone

Question 25

Ossification

Answer 25

formation of bone; osteoclasts enlarge diameter of medullary cavity while osteoblasts increase bone outer layer

Question 26

Alveoli

Answer 26

lung parenchyma; extremely thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries; responsible for gas exchange

Question 27

Atelectasis

Answer 27

diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume; collapsed lung

Question 28

Pneumothorax

Answer 28

air in the pleural cavity; results in partial or complete collapse of the lung

Question 29

Consolidation

Answer 29

making something more solid (?)

Question 30

Cilia

Answer 30

hair-like projections in the respiratory epithelium (mucous membrane); prevent dust and particles from entering lungs

Question 31

Hypoplasia

Answer 31

deficient number of cells in a tissue or organ

Question 32

Metastasis

Answer 32

the spread of a disease from one tissue or organ to another

Question 33

Anechoic

Answer 33

echo free; tissue or structure transmit sound waves easily and appear darker on sonogram

Question 34

Isoechoic

Answer 34

two structures or tissues that have the same echogenicity (ex. liver and spleen)

Question 35

Demarcation

Answer 35

shape and border; describes anatomic structure changes and involvement

Question 36

Direct fusion (equipment)

Answer 36

hybrid technology; exams of the same anatomy using different imaging technologies simultaneously (preferred) or separately