Respiratory Bacteria Flashcards
What is pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
What is otitis media
Middle ear infection
What does purulent mean
Pus producing - discharge may be present
What causes epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae
• Children aged 4-6 yrs are most at risk (vaccine is highly effective)
What causes diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• Gram positive bacillus
• Toxic strains – diphtheria AB toxin (tropism is eukaryotic cells – protein synthesis is affected)
• Treatment – antitoxin prevents entry to cells
• DTP Vaccine – diptheria toxoid (inactivated toxin)
What causes diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Causes grey pseudo membrane
• Gram positive bacillus
• Toxic strains – diphtheria AB toxin (tropism is eukaryotic cells – protein synthesis is affected)
• Treatment – antitoxin prevents entry to cells
• DTP Vaccine – diptheria toxoid (inactivated toxin)
What causes strep throat
Streptococcus pyogenes
Red swollen tonsils
Clinical complications:
Scarlet fever, sepis,
rheumatic fever, acute
poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis (kidney
failure)
What is HAP (hospital acquired pneumonia)
Pneumonia that develops least 48 hours after hospital admission that was not incubating at the time of admission
What are the atypical bacteria that cause pneumonia
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
• Intra-cellular
• Via respiratory droplets
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Small bacteria
• Absent peptidoglycan cell wall
• Not treated by beta lactams
Legionella pneumophila
• Intra-celluar
• Associated with inhalation of aerosiled water containing the bacteria
Coxiella burnetii - Q Fever
• Breathing contaminated dust infected with animal faecal material nb lambing
• Flu like illness
What are the typical bacteria that cause pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
How to diagnose and treat pneumonia
• Blood Cultures
• Sputum culture
• Molecular testing
• Penicillin is the treatment of choice for a fully sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Macrolides are used in penicillin-allergic patients.
What does klebsiella pneumoniae cause
It cause aspiration pneumonia from patients with GORD as the acid contents in the stomach can go into the lung, red-current jelly is a characteristic feature
