Cancer Defences Flashcards
Steps to generate an effective anti-tumour response
Cancer - Immunity cycle
- Cancer cell antigens are released
- Cancer antigen presentation by APCs/Dendritic cells
- Activation of T-cells
- Trafficking of T cells to tumours
- Infiltration of T cells into tumours
- Recognition of cancer cells by T-cells
- Killing of cancer cells
Innate immune response to cancer
First line of defence, attacks without antigen specificity
Natural killer cells are main effector
Adaptive immune response to cancer cells
Cytotoxic cells are main effector
once activated can be sustained by memory response
Immune response to tumour
What is the Inhibitory pathway that modulates immune response
KIR (killer Ig like receptors) - surface inhibitory receptors on NK cells that bind to MHC class 1 to stop NK cells from killing normal cells
How do NK cells recognise tumours
What is antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
What is the inhibitory pathway of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1)
T cell with PD-1 bind to ligand called PDL-1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) which inhibits t cell from killing cell - key role in Downregulating T cell response and prevention of autoimmunity
Blocking of PDL1 allows T cell to kill the cell
What is the activating pathway of GTIR (glucocorticoid - induced TNF receptor)
GITR on T cell binds to GITRL on APC to enhance cell division and anti tumour activity
Immune evasion by tumours
Eliminate vs Escape
Active vs passive immunotherapy
Active - directly activate immunity
Passive - overcome immuno-suppression by tumour
Types of cancer immunotherapy treatment
Checkpoint inhibitors for cancer
How do monoclonal antibodies work in cancer
How does CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) work
They target CD19 on B cells to kill tumour B cells
