Pathology Of Lung Cancer

Question 1

Squamous cell carcinoma steps

Answer 1

Hyperplasia
Increase in the number of cells as a result of increased proliferation of differentiated or less differentiated progenitor cells
Pathological – response to stress

Metaplasia
Replacement of one type of normal epithelium by other type of normal epithelium
Better able to withstand the adverse environment

Dysplasia
Uniform loss in the architectural orientation of individual cells
Pleomorphism
Large hyperchromatic nuclei
Mitosis not confined to basal layer
Architectural anarchy

Carcinoma in situ
When dysplastic changes are severe and involve the entire thickness of the epithelium
BASAL MEMBRANE BARRIER

Invasive carcinoma
Cell proliferation infiltrates through BASAL MEMBRANE BARRIER to invade stroma (neighbouring tissues)

Question 2

What are malignant epithelial cancers called

Answer 2

Carcinomas

Question 3

Squamous carcinoma vs adenocarcinoma

Answer 3

Squamous cell carcinoma - develops within thin cells of mucosa that line the oesophagus

Adenocarcinoma - develops from fluid secreting glandular cells along lining of the oesophagus

Question 4

Adeonocarcinoma progression

Answer 4

Question 5

Neuroendocrine carcinoma

Answer 5

Question 6

Modalities of tumour spread

Answer 6