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HSC7112 - Trauma / Medical > Respiratory Assesment > Flashcards

Respiratory Assesment Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis?

A

Decreased respiration leading to increased PaCO2 in blood leading to decreased pH.

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2
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

A

Increased respiration leading to decreased PaCO2 in blood leading to increased pH.

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3
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis?

A

The body produces too much acid or kidneys do not remove enough.

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4
Q

What is lactic acidosis?

A

A form of metabolic acidosis caused by cellular hypoxia (eg exercise) resulting in anaerobic metabolism producing lactic acid.

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5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

No insulin, the body burns fatty acids for energy with acidic ketones as by products.

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6
Q

Define histotoxic hypoxia

A

Cellular hypoxia due to inability to use available O2 (eg Cyanide poisoning)

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7
Q

Define hypoxic hypoxia

A

Cellular hypoxia due to decreased arterial blood PO2

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8
Q

Define Anemic Hypoxia…

A

Cellular hypoxia due to decreased red blood cells

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9
Q

Define Stagnant Hypoxia…

A

Cellular hypoxia due to decreases blood flow

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10
Q

What is the pathophysiology of hyperventilation?

A

Decreased CO2 > respiratory alkalosis > vasoconstriction > decreased cerebral O2 > increased respiration.

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10
Q

What is Kussmauls breathing?

A

Deep & rapid with no pause.

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11
Q

What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing?

A

Repeating pattern of apnea gradually increasing to deep & fast resps.

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12
Q

What is Biot’s breathing?

A

Aka Atoxic Respirations.

Irregularly irregular rate + depth of resps.

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13
Q

Define Hoovers Sign

A

Costal margins pulled towards centre on inhalation 2* to flat yet functioning diaphragm.
Indicative of CORD.

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14
Q

Define Hammans Sign

A

Precordial clicking synchronous with HR on auscultation. Indicative of pneumothorax.

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15
Q

Define Karpul’s Sign

A

Spoken ‘u’ heard as an ‘a’ on auscultation.

Indicative of pleural effusion.

16
Q

Define tactile fremitus

A

Increased chest vibrations on deep vocal sounds indicative of consolidation.
Decreased vibrations indicative of pneumothorax (air vs solid).

17
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

Hemoglobins O2 binding affinity inversely proportional to acidity and/or CO2 concentration (right shift of O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve).

HSC7112 - Trauma / Medical (13 decks)

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