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Biology > Respiratory and Circulation Systems > Flashcards

Respiratory and Circulation Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we require a circulatory system?

A

Organisms more than a few cells thick cannot rely on diffusion

Transport materials between cells

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2
Q

Arteries

A

Thick-walled, carry blood from HEART to REST OF BODY

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

Allow exchange of materials between blood and surrounding tissues

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4
Q

veins

A

Thick walls

Push blood back to heart

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5
Q

Chambers of the heart

A

Right Atrium: receives blood from the body, pumps blood into the right ventricle.

Right Ventricle: pumps blood to the lungs

Left atrium: Receives blood from the lungs, pumps blood into left ventricle

Left ventricle: pumps blood throughout the body

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6
Q

Lub

A

created when the one way, valve between the atrium and ventricle shuts

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7
Q

Dub

A

occurs when the valve between the ventricle and arteries snaps shut

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8
Q

Blood pressure

A

Represents pressure change in arteries that recieve blood from the left ventricle

Contraction of left = 120

Relax/fill = 80

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9
Q

Plasma

A

Contains Solutes:

Proteins, amino acids

Glucose, lipids

Ions

Waste products

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10
Q

Xylem

A

Carry Water

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11
Q

Phleom

A

Cells in leaf vein, carry sugar

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12
Q

Trunk of tree

A

Contains dead xylem in a tube shape, phleom

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13
Q

Companion cells

A

Transport sugars into phleom cells in leaf

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14
Q

Transport of Xylem

A

H2O evaporates from stomata in the leaves

-ve pressure

Water is pulled into roots

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15
Q

Insects and breathing

A

Air pumped into trachea

Tracheoles

Diffuse gases directly to cells

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16
Q

Gas exchange in plants

A

Openings - stomata

Palisade parenchyma: photosynth

17
Q

Plants version of blood

A

sap, does not circulate

Cylindrical cells

18
Q

RBC

A

Lack a nucleus

Most of blood cells

Packed w/ hemoglobin

19
Q

Platelets

A

Small cell fragments

Clump to stop bleeding

Release proteins and clotting factors

20
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Blood streaming from heart to lungs and back from lungs to heart

To lungs = depleted o2 and rich in CO2

From = Lots of O and depleted CO2

21
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Deliver O2 to cells and pick up CO2 from them

Exchanged through capillary network

22
Q

What do they mean by closed system?

A
  1. Blood is enclosed in vessels and heart
  2. Together, two circuits form a closed loop.
23
Q

Atrium

A

Upper, thinner walled, push to ventricle below

24
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower chamber, thicker, more muscular

25
Q

Route of blood

A

O poor blood –> Right atrium –> RV –> Pulmonary circuit –> LV –> Systemic circuit

26
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

Blood is pumped from atria to ventricles, ventricles to rest of body

27
Q

Diastole

A

Relax/refill

28
Q

SA node

A

Pacemaker

Specialized cells that control the regularity of the heartbeat, initiating contraction

29
Q

Where do signals go from the SA node?

A

AV node with a short delay for proper emptying, then to ventricles

30
Q

Ribs/diaphragm and breathing

A

Contract, ribcage moves outward and diaphragm down, increasing volume

31
Q

Upper respiratory system

A

Pharynx - back of mouth and nasal cavities

Sinuses - resonating chambers

32
Q

Lower respiratory system

A

Windpipe (bronchi and trachea)

Lungs

Brongi/bronchioles

alveoli

33
Q

Route of air

A

Nose/mouth > Larynx > Pharynx > Trachea > bronchus > bronchiole > alveolus

34
Q

What larger animals do as it is not effective for oxygen to dissolve into plasma

A

Oxygen-binding pigment

Specialized blood cells for tranporting great quantities of these pigment molecules

35
Q

Pigment molecules

A

Pigment – has visible colour, and specialized functions

Reversible binding, good at picking up oxygen in high concentrations and dropping it in low

36
Q

Hemocyanin

A

Oxygen-binding pigment in some mollusks/anthropods

Blue colour when it binds to oxygen

Biology (5 decks)

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