Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Homeostasis, Nutrition, Digestion > Flashcards

Homeostasis, Nutrition, Digestion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens 1st when you stop eating?

A
  • Breakdown glycogen
  • about 6 hours after feeding – after turn to fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phase 2 after not eating

A
  • Ketosis, fat-burning
  • Ketone bodies replace energy fuel
  • Athletes may be in it more often
  • Brain cannot directly use these, too thick to fit through the BBB
  • Brain drains last of glucose
  • Recalibrates requirement starts eating ketone bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phase 3 - not eating

A

Protein burning, rapid muscle depletion

  • The body starts eating itself – catabolises
  • Mostly, cardiac arrest kills you – tissue degradation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A loss of more than ____% of water can be deadly

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the shape of enzymes determined?

A

Hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of Kidneys

A

Filter blood

remove waste and excess solutes

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Byproduct of protein metabolism

A

Ammonia

Toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do kidneys work?

A
  • Enter through renal artery
  • Branch to specialized capillaries (glomerulus)
  • Arterial pressure forces water/solutes out of capillaries
  • Into tubule/collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nutrients processed by kidney

A

Glucose, sodium, chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Wastes process by kidneys

A

Urea, creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do we regulate heat?

A

a) Conduction
b) Radiation
c) Evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Example: Conduction

A

Lizard pressed against warm rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example: Radiation

A

Light coloured butterfly gains less heat then dark one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example: Evaporation

A

sweating, panting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Endotherms

A

Maintain a high body temp in cold environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ectotherms

A

depend on environmental heat to maintain their body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osmosis

A

Water moving down conc. gradient

High to low

Passive

18
Q

Why do we require iodine?

A

To make hormones

19
Q

Why do we require carbs?

A

Energy, carbon

20
Q

Why do we require lipids?

A

Concentrated energy
Required to make certain compounds

e.g. linoleic acid required to make prostaglandins and cell membranes

21
Q

Why do we need proteins?

A

Source of amino acids

We cannot synthesize some amino acids naturally

22
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscle driven movement of the gut

23
Q

Small Intestine

A

Epithelial cells absorb nutrients (active transport) and secrete enzymes

24
Q

Pancreas

A

Source of digestive enzymes

lipase, proteases, amylase

25
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

bile emulsifies fat and increases efficiency of lipases

26
Q

What stores bile?

A

Gallbladder

27
Q

Amylase

A

Digests carbohydrates

28
Q

Proteases

A

Digests proteins

29
Q

Lipases

A

Digests fats

30
Q

Large intestine

A

Water is absorbed

some nutrient absorbtion

Lots of normal flora

31
Q

Gastrin

A

Causes stomach to produce acid

32
Q

Secretin

A

Causes pancreas to send out digestive juice, stimulate stomach to produce pepsin (digests protein) and stimulates liver to produce bile

33
Q

Chrelin

A

Produce din stomach and upper intestine when food is absent

stim appetite

34
Q

Peptide YY

A

Produced in GI when food is present

inhibit appetite

35
Q

Lactase

A

Breaks down lactose

36
Q

Lactosis

A

Lack of lactase

digestive problems with milk

37
Q

Cellulose

A

Composed of glucose

can’t digest cellulose, animals lack cellulase

38
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

Coating of nonliving material, released by cells of multicellular organisms, often help hold those cells together

39
Q

Fluid Connective tissue

A

Cells suspended in liquid matrix

blood and lymph

Fluid portion = plasma

40
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Soft matrix, loosely arranged protein

Hold organs in place + padding

Adipose

41
Q

Supporting connective tissue

A

Semirigid/rigid matrix creating strong structures such as cartilage and bone

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions