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TRAUMA > Respiratory and Chest Trauma > Flashcards

Respiratory and Chest Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the chest physiology most likely to be impacted by injury?

A
  1. Breathing
  2. Circulation
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2
Q

What are the three types of injuries to the chest?

A
  1. Blunt Trauma
  2. Penetrating Trauma
  3. Compression injury
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3
Q

What percentage of severe chest injuries has Pneumothorax presented?

A

20%

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4
Q

What are the types of Pneumothorax? e three t

A
  1. Simple
  2. Open
  3. Tension
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5
Q

What type of Pneumothorax is presented with air within pleural space?

A

Simple Pneumothorax

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6
Q

What type of Pneumothorax is also known as a sucking chest wound; associated with a defect in the chest wall that allows air to enter and exit the pleural space from the outside with ventilation effort?

A

OpenPneumothorax

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7
Q

What type of Pneumothorax is presented that occurs when air continues to enter the pleural space but has no avenue for egress?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

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8
Q

What type of pneumothorax has chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased breath sounds on the affected side, and may have audible sucking sounds during inspiration?

A

Simple Pneumothorax

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9
Q

What is the management of Simple Pneumothorax?

A
  1. Monitor Casualty
  2. Administer O2
  3. Obtain IV Access
  4. Prepare for Tx shock
  5. MEDEVAC by air needle Decompression, or Cx tube.
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10
Q

What type of pneumothorax is caused by a projectile causing a small or large hole, causing the lung to collapse due to increased pressure in the pleural cavity, two sources can leak into the cavity or the lung?

A

Open Pneumothorax

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11
Q

What type of pneumothorax reveals obvious respiratory distress, dyspnea, sudden sharp pain, subcutaneous Emphysema, Decreased lung sounds on the affected side, and Red bubbles on the Exhalation from the wound AKA sucking chest wound?

A

Open Pneumothorax

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12
Q

What is the initial management of an open Pneumothorax ( Sucking Chest wound)?

A
  1. Close the defect in the chest wall.
  2. O2
  3. Needle D.
  4. Chest Tube
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13
Q

If the pressure is not relieved from a chest wound, it will progressively limit the casualty’s ventilation capacity and cause inadequate venous return, resulting in what?

A

Producing inadequate cardiac output and death.

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14
Q

What is a life-threatening condition where air progressively accumulates in the pleural space, eventually compressing the lung and the mediastinum, causing decreased blood flow in the great vessels and subsequent?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

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15
Q

What are the three criteria when a needle decompression should be performed?

A
  1. Evidence of worsening respiratory distress or difficulty with BVM device.
  2. Decrease or absent breath sounds
  3. Decompensated shock (SBP< 90mmHg)
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16
Q

What Pneumothorax presents with dyspnea, anxiety, tachycardia, hypotension, hypoxia, JVD, midline tracheal shift (Rarely), Hypotension, or signs of obstructive shock?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

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17
Q

What is a collapsed lung caused by the rupture of a congenitally weak area lung?

A

Spontaneous Simple Pneumothorax

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18
Q

Spontaneous Simple Pneumothorax typically occurs in who?

A
  1. Young White Males
  2. Age 16 to 25 y/o
  3. WHo posses a very lanky, thin, runner;s build
19
Q

When do Spontaneous Simple Pneumothorax symptoms usually occur when?

A
  1. Patient is at rest and feels a pooping sensation within the chest.
  2. Patient wakes up in the morning and feels SOB.
  3. Spontaneous simply Pneumothorax occurs WITHOUT evidence of trauma.
20
Q

What size of Pneumothorax has a Mild to moderate increase in respiratory rate, Mild to moderate tachycardia, and Diminished breath sounds on the affected side?

A

Small Pneumothorax

21
Q

What size of Pneumothorax has Tachypnea, Tachycardia, cyanosis, absent breath sounds affected side, subcutaneous emphysema, and decreasing level of consciousness?

A

Large Pneumothorax

22
Q

What are the complications associated with needle thoracentesis?

A
  1. Hemothorax
  2. Bacterial Infection ( cellulite)
  3. Air Embolism
23
Q

What is the size of the needle for Needle Thoracentesis?

A

10-16g

24
Q

When placing a Needle D in a patient at the upright position what ribs are the needle placed?

A

over the 3rd rib into the 2nd intercostal space (angled toward the head) and puncture the partial pleura.

25
Q

What occurs when blood enters the pleural space?

A

Hemothorax

26
Q

How much blood can fit in the pleural space?

A

2500 -3000 mL

27
Q

What is the primary cause of Hemothorax?

A

Lung laceration or laceration of an intercostal vessel or internal mammary artery due to either penetrating or blunt trauma.

28
Q

What condition has symptoms of Anxiety/ Restlessness, Chest Pain, Tachypnea, Signs of shock ( Pallor, confusion, hypotension), frothy, blood sputum, diminished breath sounds on the affected side, tachy cardia, flat neck veins?

A

Hemothorax

29
Q

What position of placement is useful for the patient if not contraindicated?

A

Left Lateral Recumbent Position

30
Q

What are the indications for use of a chest tube?

A
  1. Drainage of large Pneumothorax
  2. Drainage of Hemothorax
  3. After needle D. of Tension Pneumothorax
  4. Pleural Effusion
  5. Empydema
  6. Simple/closed Pneumothorax
  7. Open pneumothorax
31
Q

What is contraindications of the Chest Tube?

A
  1. Infection over the insertion site
  2. Uncontrolled bleeding ( Diathesis)
  3. No contraindication if the procedure is emergent
32
Q

What size chest tube is recommended for adult or teen males?

A

28 -32 FR

33
Q

What size chest tube is recommended for adult or teen Females?

A

28 FR

34
Q

What size chest tube is recommended for a child?

A

18 FR

35
Q

What is the proper placement for Chest Tube?

A

At the fifth intercostal space in the midaxillary line where lower skin wheal was anesthetized, create a 2- to 4- cm skin incision (approximately two fingerbreaths) that follows the rib.

36
Q

How often should chest tube dressing be changed?

A

every 24 hours

37
Q

When should a chest radiograph was taken after a chest tube is inserted?

A

every 4 to 6 hours

38
Q

What is caused when a segment of the chest wall does not have bony continuity with the rest of the thoracic cage?

A

Flail Chest

39
Q

The breaking of 2 or more ribs in 2 or more places is termed as?

A

Flail Chest

40
Q

What condition has signs and symptoms of distress, SOB, Paradoxical Chest Movement, bruising/Swelling of the affected chest area, and Crepitus?

A

Flail Chest

41
Q

What is the management for Flail chest conditions?

A
  1. Support Ventilation
  2. Adequate Ventilation
  3. High flow O2 that may include BVM
  4. IV fluids
  5. Analgesia
  6. Check S&S
  7. Place bulky dressing to split the patient
  8. Rapid transport
42
Q

What is the chief physiological for a Pulmonary contusion?

A

It prevents of gas exchange because no air enters the alveoli

43
Q

Pulmonary contusions are almost always present in the casualty with what other condition?

A

Flail Segment

44
Q

What is the management of a member with Pulmonary Contusion?

A
  1. Support Ventilation
  2. Supplemental O2
  3. Meticulous Reevaluation, ensure that O2 Sat is at least 95% or better.
  4. Support Ventilation with BVM
  5. IV Fluids.

TRAUMA (15 decks)

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