Clinical Care For Emergencies Flashcards
What is define by airway compromise or hypotension, is obviously a true medical emergency and must be rapidly assessed and treated?
Anaphylaxis
What are the common triggers for anaphylaxis? (5)
- Drugs
- Food
- Additives
- Toxins
- Chemicals
What are these classic symptoms indications of:
A. Prurtitis
B. Flushing
C. Urticaria
Anaphylaxis
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis begin usually with in what time frame?
With in 60 minutes
What is the initial treatment for member with anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
What are the secondary line treatments for anaphylaxis?
1.) Corticosteroids:
a.) Methylprednisolone ( solumedrol) 125 mg IM/IV daily x 2 days.
2.) Antihistamines:
a.) diphenhydramine ( preferred)
- Allergic Bronchospasm:
a.) Nebulizing albuterol: 5 mg 15-30 mins.
What is the leading cause for smoke inhalation injuries?
Fire
Systemic Toxicity- caused by breathing toxic substances, what are the two most relevant gases?
- Carbon Monoxide
- Hydrogen cyanide
What has the affinity for hemoglobin 260 time greater than oxygen?
Carbon monoxide CO
What are symptoms and physical findings on an upper airway inhalation patient?
Dyspnea
Soot around nares
Barbonaceous sputum
Burns on neck and face
Strifor
Drooling
Dysphonia
What are symptoms and physical findings on an lower airway inhalation patient?
Dyspnea
Productive Cough
What are the clinical findings of smoking inhalation?
Tachycardia
Decreased breath sounds
Adventitous lung sounds
Accessory muscle use
What are laboratory Studies good for smoke inhalation patients?
CBC
Chemistry panel
Lactate
Co/ABG/VBG
CXR
EKG
What is the first step of treatment for smoke inhalation patients?
Rescue from the source
If there is signs of themal injury i.e. burns on face or other places what is indicated?
Intubation
If member has > 40 % of burns what is the treatment to be rendered?
Remove from source
Intubation
100% O2 via fitting mask or ET tube
Iv fluids
What other medication used for broncospasms?
Albuterol
- 1-2 puffs q 2 hrs for the first 4 hrs.
Additional q4-6hrs if needed.
- maintenance: 1-2 puffs q 4-6 hrs max of 8 per day.
What id defined as striated muscle break down?
Rhabdomyolysis
What causes Rhabdomyolysis?
Trauma
Crush injury
Prolonged restraints or immobilization
Compartment syndrome
Electrical injuries
What are symptoms of Rhabdomyolysis?
Muscle tenderness
Edema
Muscular weakness
*Dark urine ( coca cola uurine)
Altered mental status
What are labs for Rhabdomyolysis?
Elevated CK
Urine dipstick + with blood
Electrolyte abnormalities ( hyperkalemia)
Ekg (Peaked T waves)
Whats the treatment for Rhabdomyolysis?
Large volume of IV fluids ( 2ml/kg/hr urine output
If AMS, temp > 105 f, none responsive to fluids= MEDEVAC
