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Dentistry Module 1 > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

Anatomy of the respiratory system

1
Q

What is another name for scapula and what two bones does it connect with?

A

Shoulder blade. connects to the humerus and clavicle

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2
Q

annotate the veins from the head and the upper limbs

A
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3
Q

what is the hilum

A

the hilum acts as the root of the lung

The hilum is where the connection between the parietal pleura (covering the rib cage) and the visceral pleura (covering the lung) connect.

the hilum allows the movement of substances through the body.

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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of the heart

A
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5
Q

what procedure is being carried out in the image.

A

thoracentesis

  • sampling fluid from pleural cavity
  • via an intercostal space
  • below intercostal NVB
  • above collateral intercostal NVB
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6
Q

the hilum consists of

A

main bronchi

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein x2

pulmonary lymphnodes

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7
Q

the pleura that lines the surface of the lung is called the?

A

visceral pleura

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8
Q

what causes the lub dub sound

A

the lub sound is the 1st sound and is caused when the tricuspid and the bicuspid (mitral) valve close.

the dub sound follows after when the pulmonary and the aortic valve close.

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9
Q

what is lymph

A

lymph is the name given to the excess fluid that is squeezed out of the capillaries.

once this fluid is taken up by the lymphatic vessel it is called lymph

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10
Q

when the ribs articular facet combines with the vertebraes articular facet and its transverse facet what is the joint called?

A

Costovertebral

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11
Q

What is the term used to describe vital organs

A

Viscera

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12
Q

how does pneumothorax occur

A

pneumothorax occurs when air has entered the pleural cavity.

air can enter if there is a puncture in the parietal pleura or if there is a tear in the visceral pleura.

the air that enters the pleural cavity results in the vaccum to collapse.

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13
Q

annotate the image

A
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14
Q

annotate the surfaces and arteries

A
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15
Q

where is the pericardium located in the mediastinum

A

the pericardium is located in the middle mediastinum

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16
Q

for a costovertebral joint to happen, what two bones and their specific area must be connected.

A

the ribs superior articular facet and the vertebral articular facet must come in contact to form a costovertebral joint

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17
Q

the pleura that lines the inner surface of the chest wall is called the?

A

parietal pleura

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18
Q

annotate the layers of the chest wall

A

skin

superficial fascia (adipose tissue)

deep facia (fibrous, tough, protection)

sensory nerves (intercostal nerves)

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19
Q

where is the location of the phrenic nerve?

what is the function of the phrenic nerve?

A

the phrenic nerves originate from the anterior rami of the cervical spines c3,4,5

Found in the neck on the anterior surface of scalenus anterior muscle

Found in the thorax descending over the lateral aspects of the heart

Supply motor and sensory fibres to the skeletal muscle of the diaphragm

(C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive)

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20
Q

annotate the aorta

A
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21
Q

annotate the anterolater chest wall

A

pecotarlis major

long thoracic nerve (supplies the serratus anterior)

latissimus dorsi

serratus anterior (anchors the scapula)

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22
Q

what is the media stinum?

A

is the area that lies inbetween the lungs

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23
Q

what is carried between the intercostal space

A

in the intercostal space between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle

the neurovascular bundle is present which consists of a vein, artery and nerve.

this carries sensation to the spinal cord

carries motor intervention to the intercostal muscles.

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24
Q

what is the functions of the transverse process x2

A

transverse help with rib articulations with the help of ligament and muscle attachment

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25
Q

name the 4 cardiac valves

A

tricuspid

bicuspid

aortic valve

pulmonary valve

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26
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral body

A

protection of the spinal cord

provides stiffening of the body

transmit body weight in walking and standing

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27
Q

how many layers are there in the pericardium?

A

2

outer layer is fibrous pericardium

deep layer is serous pericardium

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28
Q

Adult Vertebral Column How many vertebrae in total? How many groups of vertebrae are there? How many vertebrae are there in each group?

A

The body consists of 33 vertebrae which makes the spinal column there are 5 groups of vertebrae cervical 7 vertebrae c1-c7 thoracic 12 vertebrae t1-t12 lumbar 5 vertebrae l1-l5 sacral 5 vertebrae, 5 vertebrae fused together to form 1 sacrum coccygeal 4 vertebrae, 4 fused together to form 1 coccyx.

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29
Q
  • Anterior MI
  • Inferior MI

are examples of?

A

which SURFACE of the heart has been affected during a heart attack

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30
Q

what is the function of the inferior articular process x2

A

mobility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints

31
Q

annotate the heart

A
32
Q

How many parts are there to the Thorax?

A

2 parts. Chest wall and the Chest cavity

33
Q

What are the 3 function of the chest cavity

A

>Located withing the chest walls >Contains vital organs (also known as Viscera) >Also contains major vessels and nerves Heart, lungs, artery, vein, nerve

34
Q

what is the function of the coronary sinus and where is it located?

A

the coronary sinus drains in to the right atrium

and is located in the inferior surface

35
Q

what is represented marked by the red angle

A

costal margin

36
Q

where is the scalene tubercle located and what attaches to it

A

the scalene tubercle is located between the subclavian groves and attaches to the scalenus anterior muscle

37
Q

what are the functions of the vertebral arch

A

protects the spinal cord and consists of

pedicle x2

lamina x2

38
Q

Annotate the sternum

A

Sternoclavicular joint (where the clavicle and the sternum meet)

sternocostal joint articulation with costal cartilage of rib 1

manubrium

sternal angle level with rib 2

costal notches

body

xiphoid process

39
Q

what is the process of the spinous process

A

ligament and muscle attachment

40
Q

name the parts where the parietal pleura would be found?

A

Cervical parietal pleura

costal parietal pleura

Diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Mediastinal parietal pleura

41
Q

what is the name of the extension of the pleural cavity

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

excess fluid collects here

42
Q

what is the function of the superior articular process x2

A

mobility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints.

43
Q

name the joint that is highlighted

A

costochondral joint

44
Q

what is the mediastinum divided in to

A
45
Q

what are the stages for contraction of the heart

A

electrical excitation occus at the sinoatrial node which decends to the atrioventricular node

which decends to the bundle of his and then the right and left bundle branches

which then goes to the purkinje fibres

46
Q

what is cardiac tamponade

A

cardiac tamponade occurs when the pericardium cavity fills with blood (haemopericardium) and causes excess pressure on the heart.

47
Q

which grove in rib 1 is either medial or lateral

A

grove for the subclavian vein is medial

grove for the subclavian artery is lateral

48
Q

name 4 features of rib 1

A

is shorter and wider than the other ribs. It only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebrae . The superior surface is marked by two grooves, which make way for the subclavian vessels.

49
Q

which accesory muscles help with inspiration

A

pectoralis major

pectoralis minor

scalene muscle including scalenus anterior

sternocleidomastoid

50
Q

what joint is the arrow pointing to?

A

sternocostal joint

51
Q

what is and where is the diaphragm located

A

Diaphragm

  • skeletal muscle
  • floor of chest
  • roof of abdomen
52
Q

what two sections of the rib and the vertebral body must come in contact to form a costotransverse joint

A

the two areas that must come in contact to form a costotransverse joint is the tubercle and the transverse processes

53
Q

Where is the Thorax located

A

The Thorax is located between the neck and the Abdomen

54
Q

annotate the image

A

clavicle

deltoid

cephalic vein

pectoralis major

55
Q

annotate the arteries going to the head and the upper body

A
56
Q

which accesory muscle helps with expiration

A

rectus abdominus

57
Q

Name all the parts of a typical vertebrae and their function

A

spinous process x 1 (ligament & muscle attachments)

transverse processes x 2 (ligament, muscle & rib articulations)

inferior articular process (x2)

superior articular processes (x2)

(mobility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints)

the vertebral arch protects the spinal cord & consists of: pedicle x 2 and lamina x 2

vertebral foramen (transmits & protects the spinal cord)

58
Q

what are the 3 layers of intercostal muscle

A

external intercostal muscle

internal intercostal muscle

innermost intercostal muscle

59
Q

describe the fibrous pericardium

A

the fibrous cardium is the outer layer of the pericardium

it is tough, thick and protective.

the elasticity of the fibrous pericardium prevents the heart from overfilling.

60
Q

label the 4 parts to a typical rib

A

Head (with two articular facets)

superior articular facet articulates with above vertebrae

inferior articular facet articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae

tubercule articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae

costal grove supports the intercostal vein, artery and nerve.

61
Q

how many pair of ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

62
Q

what sits inbetween the vertebral body?

A

between the vertebral body lies the intervertebral disc (ivd)

63
Q

what is the pleural cavity?

A

the pleural cavity is the space that lies between the parietal and visceral pleura.

the pleural cavity acts as a vaccum

the pleural cavity contains pleural fluid

64
Q

what is the function of the azygous vein

A

The azygos vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava vein

65
Q

what causes winged scapula

A

winged scapula occurs when there has been some form of paralysis (temporal/permanent) to the serratus anterior muscle.

66
Q

What are the 3 functions of the chest wall

A

> Protects the heart and lungs >Make the movement of breathing >Breast tissue - Lactation (lactate = to suckle nipple, ribs.

67
Q

if a foreign body fell through the bronchi where will it most likely be found?

describe the journey

A

as the foreign body decends down the trachea it will birfurcates at the level of the sternal angle

this splitting is known as the carina

due to the right main bronchus being wider, shorter and more vertical.

the foreign body will fall in to the lower right bronchus.

68
Q

what is a heart attack

A

heart attck, commonly known as •Myocardial infarction (MI) – irreversible death (necrosis) of part of the heart muscle (myocardium) due to blockage of it’s arterial blood supply

69
Q

what is meant by fascia

A

Medical Definition of Fascia. Fascia: A flat band of tissue below the skin that covers underlying tissues and separates different layers of tissue. Fascia also encloses muscles

70
Q

annotate the lungs, include there anatomical positioning

A
71
Q
A
72
Q

describe the deep serous pericardium

A

the deep serous pericardium is

membranous

glistening

secretes serous fluid (helps with lubrication)

73
Q

how many typical ribs?

how many a typical ribs?

A

7 typical ribs 3-9

5 a typical ribs 1, 2, 10-12

Dentistry Module 1 (9 decks)

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