Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomy of the respiratory system
What is another name for scapula and what two bones does it connect with?
Shoulder blade. connects to the humerus and clavicle
annotate the veins from the head and the upper limbs
what is the hilum
the hilum acts as the root of the lung
The hilum is where the connection between the parietal pleura (covering the rib cage) and the visceral pleura (covering the lung) connect.
the hilum allows the movement of substances through the body.
what are the 3 layers of the heart
what procedure is being carried out in the image.
thoracentesis
- sampling fluid from pleural cavity
- via an intercostal space
- below intercostal NVB
- above collateral intercostal NVB
the hilum consists of
main bronchi
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein x2
pulmonary lymphnodes
the pleura that lines the surface of the lung is called the?
visceral pleura
what causes the lub dub sound
the lub sound is the 1st sound and is caused when the tricuspid and the bicuspid (mitral) valve close.
the dub sound follows after when the pulmonary and the aortic valve close.
what is lymph
lymph is the name given to the excess fluid that is squeezed out of the capillaries.
once this fluid is taken up by the lymphatic vessel it is called lymph
when the ribs articular facet combines with the vertebraes articular facet and its transverse facet what is the joint called?
Costovertebral
What is the term used to describe vital organs
Viscera
how does pneumothorax occur
pneumothorax occurs when air has entered the pleural cavity.
air can enter if there is a puncture in the parietal pleura or if there is a tear in the visceral pleura.
the air that enters the pleural cavity results in the vaccum to collapse.
annotate the image
annotate the surfaces and arteries
where is the pericardium located in the mediastinum
the pericardium is located in the middle mediastinum
for a costovertebral joint to happen, what two bones and their specific area must be connected.
the ribs superior articular facet and the vertebral articular facet must come in contact to form a costovertebral joint
the pleura that lines the inner surface of the chest wall is called the?
parietal pleura
annotate the layers of the chest wall
skin
superficial fascia (adipose tissue)
deep facia (fibrous, tough, protection)
sensory nerves (intercostal nerves)
where is the location of the phrenic nerve?
what is the function of the phrenic nerve?
the phrenic nerves originate from the anterior rami of the cervical spines c3,4,5
Found in the neck on the anterior surface of scalenus anterior muscle
Found in the thorax descending over the lateral aspects of the heart
Supply motor and sensory fibres to the skeletal muscle of the diaphragm
(C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive)
annotate the aorta
annotate the anterolater chest wall
pecotarlis major
long thoracic nerve (supplies the serratus anterior)
latissimus dorsi
serratus anterior (anchors the scapula)
what is the media stinum?
is the area that lies inbetween the lungs
what is carried between the intercostal space
in the intercostal space between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle
the neurovascular bundle is present which consists of a vein, artery and nerve.
this carries sensation to the spinal cord
carries motor intervention to the intercostal muscles.
what is the functions of the transverse process x2
transverse help with rib articulations with the help of ligament and muscle attachment
name the 4 cardiac valves
tricuspid
bicuspid
aortic valve
pulmonary valve
What are the functions of the vertebral body
protection of the spinal cord
provides stiffening of the body
transmit body weight in walking and standing
how many layers are there in the pericardium?
2
outer layer is fibrous pericardium
deep layer is serous pericardium
Adult Vertebral Column How many vertebrae in total? How many groups of vertebrae are there? How many vertebrae are there in each group?
The body consists of 33 vertebrae which makes the spinal column there are 5 groups of vertebrae cervical 7 vertebrae c1-c7 thoracic 12 vertebrae t1-t12 lumbar 5 vertebrae l1-l5 sacral 5 vertebrae, 5 vertebrae fused together to form 1 sacrum coccygeal 4 vertebrae, 4 fused together to form 1 coccyx.
- Anterior MI
- Inferior MI
are examples of?
which SURFACE of the heart has been affected during a heart attack
what is the function of the inferior articular process x2
mobility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints
annotate the heart
How many parts are there to the Thorax?
2 parts. Chest wall and the Chest cavity
What are the 3 function of the chest cavity
>Located withing the chest walls >Contains vital organs (also known as Viscera) >Also contains major vessels and nerves Heart, lungs, artery, vein, nerve
what is the function of the coronary sinus and where is it located?
the coronary sinus drains in to the right atrium
and is located in the inferior surface
what is represented marked by the red angle
costal margin
where is the scalene tubercle located and what attaches to it
the scalene tubercle is located between the subclavian groves and attaches to the scalenus anterior muscle
what are the functions of the vertebral arch
protects the spinal cord and consists of
pedicle x2
lamina x2
Annotate the sternum
Sternoclavicular joint (where the clavicle and the sternum meet)
sternocostal joint articulation with costal cartilage of rib 1
manubrium
sternal angle level with rib 2
costal notches
body
xiphoid process
what is the process of the spinous process
ligament and muscle attachment
name the parts where the parietal pleura would be found?
Cervical parietal pleura
costal parietal pleura
Diaphragmatic parietal pleura
Mediastinal parietal pleura
what is the name of the extension of the pleural cavity
costodiaphragmatic recess
excess fluid collects here
what is the function of the superior articular process x2
mobility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints.
name the joint that is highlighted
costochondral joint
what is the mediastinum divided in to
what are the stages for contraction of the heart
electrical excitation occus at the sinoatrial node which decends to the atrioventricular node
which decends to the bundle of his and then the right and left bundle branches
which then goes to the purkinje fibres
what is cardiac tamponade
cardiac tamponade occurs when the pericardium cavity fills with blood (haemopericardium) and causes excess pressure on the heart.
which grove in rib 1 is either medial or lateral
grove for the subclavian vein is medial
grove for the subclavian artery is lateral
name 4 features of rib 1
is shorter and wider than the other ribs. It only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebrae . The superior surface is marked by two grooves, which make way for the subclavian vessels.
which accesory muscles help with inspiration
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
scalene muscle including scalenus anterior
sternocleidomastoid
what joint is the arrow pointing to?
sternocostal joint
what is and where is the diaphragm located
Diaphragm
- skeletal muscle
- floor of chest
- roof of abdomen
what two sections of the rib and the vertebral body must come in contact to form a costotransverse joint
the two areas that must come in contact to form a costotransverse joint is the tubercle and the transverse processes
Where is the Thorax located
The Thorax is located between the neck and the Abdomen
annotate the image
clavicle
deltoid
cephalic vein
pectoralis major
annotate the arteries going to the head and the upper body
which accesory muscle helps with expiration
rectus abdominus
Name all the parts of a typical vertebrae and their function
spinous process x 1 (ligament & muscle attachments)
transverse processes x 2 (ligament, muscle & rib articulations)
inferior articular process (x2)
superior articular processes (x2)
(mobility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints)
the vertebral arch protects the spinal cord & consists of: pedicle x 2 and lamina x 2
vertebral foramen (transmits & protects the spinal cord)
what are the 3 layers of intercostal muscle
external intercostal muscle
internal intercostal muscle
innermost intercostal muscle
describe the fibrous pericardium
the fibrous cardium is the outer layer of the pericardium
it is tough, thick and protective.
the elasticity of the fibrous pericardium prevents the heart from overfilling.
label the 4 parts to a typical rib
Head (with two articular facets)
superior articular facet articulates with above vertebrae
inferior articular facet articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae
tubercule articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae
costal grove supports the intercostal vein, artery and nerve.
how many pair of ribs are there?
12 pairs
what sits inbetween the vertebral body?
between the vertebral body lies the intervertebral disc (ivd)
what is the pleural cavity?
the pleural cavity is the space that lies between the parietal and visceral pleura.
the pleural cavity acts as a vaccum
the pleural cavity contains pleural fluid
what is the function of the azygous vein
The azygos vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava vein
what causes winged scapula
winged scapula occurs when there has been some form of paralysis (temporal/permanent) to the serratus anterior muscle.
What are the 3 functions of the chest wall
> Protects the heart and lungs >Make the movement of breathing >Breast tissue - Lactation (lactate = to suckle nipple, ribs.
if a foreign body fell through the bronchi where will it most likely be found?
describe the journey
as the foreign body decends down the trachea it will birfurcates at the level of the sternal angle
this splitting is known as the carina
due to the right main bronchus being wider, shorter and more vertical.
the foreign body will fall in to the lower right bronchus.
what is a heart attack
heart attck, commonly known as •Myocardial infarction (MI) – irreversible death (necrosis) of part of the heart muscle (myocardium) due to blockage of it’s arterial blood supply
what is meant by fascia
Medical Definition of Fascia. Fascia: A flat band of tissue below the skin that covers underlying tissues and separates different layers of tissue. Fascia also encloses muscles
annotate the lungs, include there anatomical positioning
describe the deep serous pericardium
the deep serous pericardium is
membranous
glistening
secretes serous fluid (helps with lubrication)
how many typical ribs?
how many a typical ribs?
7 typical ribs 3-9
5 a typical ribs 1, 2, 10-12
