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Anatomy Year 1 Medicine > Respiratory Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up upper respiratory tract?

A
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2
Q

What makes up lower respiratory tract?

A
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3
Q

What is the basic strsuctaural unit of gas exchnage in the lungs?

A

Pulmonary alveoli

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4
Q

Where does the trachea start?

A

Lower part of the larynx at C6 level,

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5
Q

Where does trachea bifurcate?

A

level of sternal angle (lower T4-T5)

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6
Q

What does the trachea give rise to?

A

Right and left bronchi

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7
Q

What is present at the bifurcation area of the trachea?

A

Triangular cartilage called carina.

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8
Q

How many rings of hyaline cartilage are in the trachea

A

15 to 20

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9
Q

What is the tracheobronchial tree?

A

branching structure of the airways which consists of a conducting part and a respiratory part.

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10
Q

What makes up the conducting portion?

A

Trachea, main bronchus, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, conducting bronchiole and respiratory bronchiole.

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11
Q

What makes up the respiratory part?

A

respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveolus.

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12
Q

What happens in the conducting part?

A

no gas exchange happens

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13
Q

What happens in the respiratory part?

A

Gas exchange happens

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14
Q

What are the vital organs of the respiratory system?

A

Lungs

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15
Q

What is the fucntion of the lungs?

A

To oxygenate the blood.

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16
Q

How many lobes does the right lungs have?

A

3 (Superior, middle and inferior)

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17
Q

How many lobes does left lung have?

A

2 (Superior and inferior)

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18
Q

How many fissures does the right lung have?

A

Two fissures (Horizontal and oblique)

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19
Q

How many fissures does the left lungs have?

A

One (Oblique fissures)

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20
Q

How many surfaces does the lung have?

A

3 (Coastal, Mediastinal and Diaphragmatic)

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21
Q

Why is the outer surface called costal surface?

A

It is in contact with the ribs.

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22
Q

Why is the lower part called diaphragmatic surface?

A

It is in contact with the diaphragm.

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23
Q

How many borders does the lungs have?

A

3 (Anterior, Posterior and inferior)

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24
Q

What is special about the anterior border on the left lung?

A

It has a notch called the cardiac notch

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25
Q

What is at the lower part of the notch?

A

A tongue like projection called lingula.

26
Q

What is a hilium?

A

An area that is located on the mediastinal surface of the lungs.

27
Q

What is the lung root?

A

A group of structures like bronchus, artery, veins, lymphatics and nerves that enter or leave the lung hilum.

28
Q

What does the primary bronchus do when it gets into the left lung?

A

It divides into two

29
Q

What will you see in the lung hilium arranged anterioinferiorly?

A

The pulmonary vein

30
Q

Why are pulmonary veins red in color?

A

They are carrying oxygenated blood.

31
Q

What do pulmonary arteries carry?

A

They come from the right side of the heart carrying deoxygenated blood.

32
Q

What structures are related to the left lung?

A

The heart, arch of aorta, descending aorta, oesophagus (behind hilium of lung), branches of the arch of the aorta, left subclavian artery, left brachiocephalic vein

33
Q

What structures are related to the right lung?

A

Heart, vena cava inferior, diaphragm, vena cava superior, azygous vein, subclavian vein and artery.

34
Q

What forms superior vena cava?

A

left brachiocephalic vein and right brachiocephalic vein

35
Q

What does the primary bronchus split into?

A

Lobar bronchus ( 3 on right, 2 on left)

36
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?

A

10

37
Q

What is the clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments?

A

Each segment is an independent unit, it has its own vessels and nerves.

38
Q

What supplies the blood to the lungs?

A

Bronchial artery (two on left and one on right side)

39
Q

Where does the left bronchial artery come from?

A

Thoracic aorta (2)

40
Q

Where does the right bronchial artery come from?

A

posterior intercostal artery (1)

41
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lungs?

A

Bronchial veins which drain to the azygous and accessory hemiazygous system.

42
Q

What does the lymphatic drainage of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary LN, Bronchopulmonary LN, tracheobronchial LN, bronchomediastinal LN, broncho-mediastinal LN lymph trunk.

43
Q

What is the Autonomic Innervation of the lungs?

A

It is supplied by the pulomnary plexus:

  • Parasympathetic - vagus (motor to bronchial muscle, secretomotor to mucous glands and vasodilator)
  • Sympathetic - T2-T5 symapthetic nerves (inhibitory to bronchial smooth muscle, bronchodilator, motor to blood vessel smooth muscle.)
44
Q

What are the two types of pleura?

A

Visceral and parietal

45
Q

What are the four parts of the parietal pleura?

A

Cervical, Costal, Diaphragmatic and Mediastinal.

46
Q

What does cervical parietal pleura cover?

A

Apex of lung

47
Q

What is the parietal pleura innervated by?

A

Somatic nerves, Intercostals, phrenic nerves and it is pain sensitive.

48
Q

What is visceral pleura innervated by?

A

It is innervated by the autonomic nervous system and it is pain insensitive.

49
Q

What is pleural reflections?

A

Area where parietal pleura becomes visceral pleura

50
Q

What is the pleural recess?

A

it is an increased space that is found between the layers of pleura occuring at the pleural reflection

51
Q

What is the inferior margin of the lung at the midclavicular line?

A

Rib 6

52
Q

What is the inferior margin of the lung at the mid-axillary line?

A

Rib 8

53
Q

What is the inferior margin of the lung at the Paravertebral line?

A

Rib 10

54
Q

What is the inferior margin of the parietal pleura at the mid-clavicular line?

A

Rib 8

55
Q

What is the inferior margin of the parietal pleura at the mid-axillary line?

A

Rib 10

56
Q

What is the inferior margin of the parietal pleura at the paravertebral line?

A

Rib 12

57
Q

Where is the horizontal fissure found?

A

Course of fourth rib

58
Q

Where is oblique fissure found?

A

It begins at the spine close to T2/3 vertebral level and it comes forward and follows the course of the 6th rib.

59
Q

What is asthma?

A

inflammation in the airways, bronchoconsrcition, increased mucous secretion and airway restriction.

60
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Entry of air into the pleural cavity (visceral or parietal) and the lung can collapse.

Anatomy Year 1 Medicine (19 decks)

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