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Anatomy Year 1 Medicine > Quick cardiorespiratory questions > Flashcards

Quick cardiorespiratory questions Flashcards

1
Q

The internal thoracic artery is a branch of what?

A

Subclavian artery

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2
Q

What are the anterior intercostal arteries a branch of?

A

Internal thoracic arteries

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3
Q

What are the posterior intercostal arteries a branch of?

A

Descending thoracic aorta

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4
Q

Where do hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins drain into?

A

Azygous vein

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5
Q

What does the azygous vein drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

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6
Q

What does the superior vena cava drain into?

A

Right atrium

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7
Q

What does the superior vena cava branch into?

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

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8
Q

What does the brachiocephalic vein split into?

A

internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

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9
Q

What structures pass through the aortic hiatus?

A

Thoracic duct and aortic hiatus

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10
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Femoral

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11
Q

What does the small saphenous vein drain into?

A

Popliteal vein

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12
Q

What layer of the heart are purkinje fibres found?

A

Endocardium

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13
Q

What are the two elastic arteries?

A

Aorta and pulmonary artery

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14
Q

What are examples of muscular arteries?

A

Femoral and coronary arteries

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15
Q

The heart develops from which embryological structure?

a) endoderm
b) notochord
c) mesoderm
d) neural groove
e) ectoderm

A

C - 18/19 days

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16
Q

What does the endocardium develop from?

A

The endothelium.

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17
Q

What does the epicardium develop from?

A

Mesothelium.

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18
Q

What does the fibrous and parietal layer of the pericardium develop from?

A

Somatic layer of lateral mesoderm

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19
Q

What does the visceral pericardium develop from?

A

Splanchnic layer of lateral mesoderm

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20
Q

The parietal pericardium develops from which of the following?

a) Paraxial mesoderm
b) Splanchnic mesoderm
c) Intermediate mesoderm
d) Somatic mesoderm
e) Notochord

A

D

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21
Q

What does the pericardial cavity develop from?

A

Intraembryonic coelem

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22
Q

The right ventricle develops from which part of the primitive heart tube?

a) Aortic sac
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Bulbus cordis and primitive ventricle
d) Primitive atrium
e) Sinus venosus

A

C

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23
Q

Which of the following is true during cardiac loop formation?

A. Bulbus cordis loops to the left

B. The primitive atria are pushed posteriorly and inferiorly

C. Bulbus cordis loops to the right

D. The primitive atria are pushed anteriorly and superiorly

E. The primitive ventricle is pushed to the right

A

C

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24
Q

Where is septum primum located?

A

Left Atrium

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25
Where is septum secundum?
Right Atrium
26
Name the structures forming the membranous interventricular septum.
- Aorticopulmonary septum - Endocardial cushion - Bulbar ridges
27
What is the fate of the embryological 4th left aortic arch?
Aortic arch
28
What is the fate of the embryological 4th right aortic arch?
Right subclavian artery
29
What is the fate of the embryological 6th left aortic arch?
Left pulmonary and ductus arteriosus
30
When a baby is born and takes its first breath, the change in pulmonary pressure causes which embryonic vessel to constrict? a) ductus venosus b) umbilical vein c) umbilical artery d) ductus arteriosus e) inferior vena cava
D
31
In the foetus, blood bypasses the liver by travelling through which vessel? a) hepatic portal vein b) ductus arteriosus c) ductus venosus d) umbilical artery  e) descending aorta
D
32
Where does the aortic arch start and end?
T4
33
What is the root value of the phrenic nerve?
C3-5
34
What nerve supplies pain sensation to pericardium and diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
35
What is the branch of the vagus nerve?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
36
What structures form the right border?
RA
37
What structures form the inferior border?
RA + RV + LV
38
What structures form the left border of the heart?
LV + LA
39
What forms the right pulmonary surface?
RA
40
What structure forms the left pulmonary surface?
LV
41
What structure forms the inferior surface?
RV + LV
42
What structure forms the posterior surface?
LA
43
What vessels anastasmose the posterior surface?
LADA and RPDA
44
What vessels anastasmose at the back?
Circumflex and RCA
45
What vein lies next to LADA?
Great cardiac vein
46
What structure forms the rough part of the primitive atrium?
Primitive atrium
47
What structure forms the smooth part of the atrium?
Sinus venosus
48
Where is the moderator band?
RV
49
Where is the dorsal venous arch?
Back of the hand
50
What does the dorsal venous arch give off on the lateral side?
Cephalic vein
51
What does the dorsal venous arch give off on the medial side?
Bacillic vein
52
How are the cephalic vein and bacillic vein connected?
Median cubital vein
53
What is the brachial artery a branch of?
Axillary artery
54
What is the axillary artery a branch of?
Subclavian artery
55
What are the branches of the brachial artery?
Radial and ulnar artery
56
What does the dorsal pedis arch give rise to?
Great saphenous vein
57
Where is the anterior tibial artery located?
Big toe and next toe
58
What is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery?
Dorsalis pedis
59
What nerve supplies the diaphragm and the (diaphragmatic and mediastinal) parietal pleura?
Phrenic nerve.
60
What nerve supplies the visceral layer of pericardium?
Vagus nerve
61
Where is the referred pain for the heart region?
Left arm and neck
62
What branch does the brachiocephalic trunk and how does this progress to the radial and ulnar artery?
Brachiocephalic trunk which gives off right subclavian artery which gives off axillary artery which gives brachial artery which splits into radial and ulnar artery.
63
What are the superficial veins of the arm?
Superficial are the basillic and cephalic veins which are connected to each other by the medial cubital vein. They both drain into the axillary vein
64
What are the deep veins and what do they drain into?
The deep veins are the brachial vein which divides into radial and ulnar veins below the elbow
65
Describe the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta to form the lateral and medial plantar arteries.
Abdominal thoracic artery splits into external and internal illiac arteries. External illiac becomes the femoral artery under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle. The femoral artery becomes the popliteal below the knee which becomes anterior and posterior tibial. The anterior tibial becomes the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial foes to the sole of the foot and becomes lateral and medial plantar arteries
66
What gives of the anterior intercostal arteries?
subclavian artery
67
What are the posterior intercostal arteries a branch of?
descending thoracic aorta
68
What makes up the superior vena cava?
L + R brachiocephalic veins
69
what makes up the brachiocephalic vein?
the subclavian vein and the left jugular vein
70
What are the posterior thoracic veins tributaries of?
The azygous vein
71
What are the main branches of the aortic arch?
The main bracnhes of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, the left subclavian artery and the left common carotid artery.
72
What is present in the RV but not in the left?
Moderator band
73
Which side medial or lateral is bacillic vein found?
medial
74
Which side medial or lateral is cephalic vein found?
lateral
75
What supplies the sympathetic innervation of the heart?
Vagus nerve (T1-4)
76
What kind of cell bodies are found in the anterior horn?
Motor
77
What kind of cell bodies are found in the lateral horn?
sympathetic
78
What kind of cell bodies are found in the dorsal root ganglion?
Sensory
79
What is the name of the bundle that continues at the end of the spinal cord?
Cauda equina
80
What is the antagonist of erector spinae?
rectus abdominis
81
what muscles are responsible for inversion of foot?
Tibialis anterior and posterior
82
what kind fo tissue makes up nucleus pulposus?
Hyaline cartilage
83
What kind of tissue makes up annulos fibrosus?
Fibrous tissue
84
What kind of growth takes place at epiphyseal growth plate?
Interstitial growth
85
What color is bone in CT?
white
86
What joint permits supination?
pivot
87
Where does the diaphragm receive its sensory innervation from?
The phrenic nerve.
88
What is the coronary sulcus?
It is a groove that separates the atria from the ventricles.
89
Where does the great cardiac vein run?
anterior interventricular groove.
90
Where is the middle cardiac vein located?
In the posterior interventricular groove
91
Where is the small cardiac vein located?
It is located near the marginal artery.
92
What is the function of latissimus dorsi?
Extend, adduct and medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint.
93
What are the root bundles that follow on from the spine?
Cauda equina (L1-5)
94
Where is red bone marrow found?
Spongy bone
95
Where is yellow bone marrow found?
Compact bone
96
What forms osteoblasts?
Periosteum
97
What is the function of a sesamoid bone?
Reduces the stress on the surrounding tendons
98
Does appositional growth affect width or height?
Width
99
Does interstitial growth affect width or height?
Height
100
What does ligamentum flavum prevent?
Over flexion
101
What is filum terminale a continuation of?
Pia matter
102
What does the right lymphatic duct drain into?
Right subclavian vein
103
What two vessels anastomose at the apex of the heart?
RPDA and LADA
104
What two vessels anastomose in the posterior interventricular sulcus?
RCA and left circumflex.
105
At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifrcate into the common iliac arteries?
L4
106
At what vertebral level does the common iliac artery bifrcate into external and internal iliac artery?
L5
107
What does the great saphenous vein drain into?
Femoral vein
108
What does the small saphenous vein drain into?
Popliteal vein

Anatomy Year 1 Medicine (19 decks)

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