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Board Study > Respiratory Airway Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Airway Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve is more susceptible to injury?

A
  • Left RLN

- due to location in the thorax

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2
Q

The adult larynx extends to what cervical levels?

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

A
  • corniculates
  • cuneiforms
  • arytenoids
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4
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A
  • epiglottis
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
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5
Q

Do hyperventilation and hypocapnia increase or decrease risk of laryngospasm?

A

increase

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6
Q

PaO2 less than what number reduces the likelihood of laryngospasm?

A

50

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7
Q

What is the function of the tensor palatine?

A

opens nasopharynx (soft palate)

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8
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus?

A

opens oropharynx (tongue)

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9
Q

What is the function of the hyoid muscles?

A

opens hypopharynx (epiglottis)

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10
Q

What are the structures define the lower airway?

A
  • begins at the trachea and ends at the alveoli
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11
Q

Where does the trachea begin and end?

A
  • C6

- T4-5 (at the carina)

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12
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the trachea?

A

vagus

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13
Q

What is the blood supply to the trachea?

A
  • inferior thyroid a.
  • superior thyroid a.
  • bronchial a.
  • internal thoracic a.
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14
Q

What is the function of Type I pneumocytes?

A
  • provide surface for gas exchange
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15
Q

What is the function of Type II pneumocytes?

A
  • produce surfactant

- can produce Type I cells

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16
Q

What is the function of Type III pneumocytes?

A
  • macrophages
  • fight lung infection
  • produce inflammatory response
  • neutrophils are present in alveolus in smokers and acute lung injury
17
Q

What is the distance from the incisors to the carina?

A

26 cm

18
Q

In children up to 3 yrs of age the bronchi take off at what degrees?

A

both take off at 55 degrees from long axis of trachea

19
Q

What are characteristics that increase as the airway bifurcates?

A
  • # of airways
  • cross sectional area
  • muscular layer
20
Q

What decreases as the airway bifurcates?

A
  • airflow velocity
  • amount of cartilage
  • Goblet cells (produce mucus)
  • Ciliated cells (clears mucus)

Board Study (29 decks)

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