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Board Study > Cardiac Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Cardiac Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac remodeling d/t heart failure can be reversed by which drugs?

A
  • ACE inhibitors (-pril drugs)

- Aldosterone inhibitors (spironolactone)

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2
Q

What are the dihydropyridine CCBs and what are the targeted effects?

A
  • suffix “-pines”
  • vasculature (vasodilation d/t dec Ca+2)
  • dec SVR
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3
Q

What are the non-dihydropyridine CCBs and what are the targeted effects?

A
  • verapamil and diltiazem
  • targets myocardium > vessels
  • dec isotropy, chronotropy, and dromotropy
  • dec. SVR
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4
Q

What are examples of aterioldilators and what are the effects?

A
  • hydrazine and SNP
  • inc nitric oxide (vasodilation)
  • dec SVR
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5
Q

What are examples of ventilators and what are the effects?

A
  • Nitroglycerine and SNP
  • inc nitric oxide (vasodilation)
  • dec venous return (preload)
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6
Q

In what order to CCBs impair contractility from most to least?

A

verapamil > nifedipine > diltiazem > nicardipine

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7
Q

In the pt with a decreased EF and the need to preserve contractility, which CCB is better, verapamil or diltiazem?

A
  • diltiazem
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8
Q

What is the best method of diagnosis for a cardiac tamponade?

A

TEE

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9
Q

What is beck’s triad and what does it represent?

A
  • cardiac tamponade

- Hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds

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10
Q

What are the other names of Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
  • Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy (ASH)
  • Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis (IHSS)
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11
Q

How can SAM be easily diagnosed?

A

TEE

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12
Q

What are indications for IABP?

A
  • cardiogenic shock
  • MI
  • intractable angina
  • difficult separation from CPB
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13
Q

What are contraindications to IABP?

A
  • severe aortic insufficient
  • descending aortic disease
  • severe peripheral vascular disease
  • sepsis
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14
Q

What does the inflation of the IABP correlate with on the aortic pressure waveform?

A
  • dicrotic notch
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15
Q

What are the independent risk factors for AAA?

A
  • cigarette smoking
  • male gender
  • advanced age
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16
Q

Where does the artery of adamkiewicz originate?

A
  • T11-12 commonly on the LEFT side
  • 75% of population it originates T8-12
  • 10% of population it originates L1-2
17
Q

What is Beck’s Syndrome?

A
  • anterior spinal artery sundrome d/t an aortic cross clap placed above the artery of adamkiewicz
18
Q

What are the classic S/S of Beck’s syndrome?

A
  • flaccid paralysis of LE
  • bowel and bladder dysfunction
  • loss of temperature and pain sensation
  • preserved touch and proprioception

Board Study (29 decks)

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