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CNUR 203 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What does diminished breath sounds mean?

A

Decreased air entry

Reduction of intensity of breath sounds during auscultation

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2
Q

What causes diminished breath sounds locally?

A

Paralysis of thoracic musculature
Collapsed lung
Pleural effusions
Bronchial occlusion

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3
Q

What causes diminished breath sounds general sources?

A

Hyperinflation
Obesity
Hypoventilation

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4
Q

What are adventitious sounds and some examples?

A

Any sound over the lung fields that are abnormal, crackles, wheezes, stridor, rales, pleural friction rub

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5
Q

Name the adventitious sound: continuous, course rustling sound, narrowing of bronchi

A

Wheezes

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6
Q

Name the adventitious sound: high pitched, severe, creaking sound, turbulent air flow

A

Stridor

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7
Q

Name the adventitious sound: Rattling/crackling sounds, lower pitched, collapsed alveoli

A

Course crackles

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8
Q

Name the adventitious sound: rales, brief popping high pitched collapsing of alveoli

A

Fine crackles

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9
Q

Name the adventitious sound: squeaking/grating sound, loss of lubrication to pleural layers

A

Pleural friction rub

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10
Q

List types of abnormal voice sounds

A

Bronchophony
Whispered pectoriloquy
Egophony

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11
Q

What are three obstructive pulmonary diseases?

A

Sleep apnea
Asthma
COPD

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12
Q

What is sleep apnea and where does it effect the body?

A

Upper airway obstruction during sleep

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13
Q

What is COPD an umbrella term for?

A

Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema

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14
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A 
Affects airways 
Obstruction 
Chronic inflammation 
Excess mucous 
Decreased airflow and ventilation
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15
Q

What is emphysema?

A 
Over inflation 
Increased dead space 
CO2 retention 
Decreased 02
Increased RR
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16
Q

What are risk factors for COPD?

A

Smoking
Age occupation
Previous resp disease

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17
Q

What are common clinical manifestations for COPD?

A 
Congested cough 
Dyspnea 
Activity intolerance 
Low O2
Increased RR
Wheezing 
Increased CO2 levels
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18
Q

What is FVC an example of, what does it stand for, and what is it?

A

An example of pulmonary function testing. Forces vital capacity. It is the amount of air that can be quickly and forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration

19
Q

What is normal FVC?

A

> 80%

20
Q

What does FEV1 stand for and what is it? What is the normal?

A

Amount of air exhaled in 1st second of FVC.>80%

21
Q

What are the symptoms of mild chronic bronchitis?

A

2 year coughing

Less than 3 months sputum

22
Q

What are the symptoms of mild emphysema?

A

None

23
Q

What are the symptoms of moderate chronic bronchitis?

A

Increased coughing/sputum

Recurrent chest infections or bronchitis

24
Q

What are the symptoms of moderate emphysema?

A

SOB

25
Q

What are symptoms of severe chronic bronchitis?

A

Wheezing
Recurrent infections
CHF symptoms
Cyanosis

26
Q

What are symptoms of severe emphysema?

A

Severe SOB

Barrel shaped chest

27
Q

What are bronchodilators?

A

Long & short acting

Decreases bronchial construction & bronchospasm

28
Q

What are corticosteroids?

A

Lower inflammation in the body, improve FEV1

29
Q

What are anticholinergics?

A

Blocks the action of ach,decrease smooth muscle tightening

30
Q

When are Beta 2 agonists used?

A

During acute escalations (treat asthma), relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilates

31
Q

What are non pharmaceutical interventions for COPD?

A 
Pursed lip breathing 
Diaphragmatic breathing 
DB&C
Chest percussion & vibration 
Postural drainage
32
Q

What is carbon dioxide narcosis?

A

CO2 poisoning or intoxication.

33
Q

What is the tx for carbon dioxide narcosis?

A

Titration supplemental O2 to lowest effective dose

34
Q

What is COPD related polycythemia?

A

abnormally elevated amount of RBC

35
Q

What causes COPD related polycythemia?

A

Low levels of O2

36
Q

What does COPD related polcythemia result in?

A

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin

37
Q

What does COPD related polycythemia trigger?

A

Triggers the kidneys to abnormally produce erythropoietin

38
Q

What does COPD related polycythemia out the ot at risk for?

A

Blood clots

39
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

Abnormally increased pressure to the right side of the heart and arteries in the lungs

40
Q

What does cor pulmonale cause?

A

Right sided heart dysfunction

41
Q

What does cor pulmonale manifest as?

A

Chest pain, peripheral edema, organ dysfunction, jugular venous distension

42
Q

What is acute exacerbation of COPD?/ resp distress

A

An acute life threatening condition where the resp system has inadequate gas exchange

43
Q

What are the priority interventions of AECOPD?

A 
reassess vs and ABC 
Semi Fowler’s 
Give O2
Assess resp system and neurological 
Administer bronchodilator/corticosteroids
44
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of asthma?

A 
SOB
Chest tightness 
Wheezing
Coughing 
Prolonged expiratory phase

CNUR 203 (5 decks)

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