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CNUR 203 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is CO?

A

measurement of cardiac efficiency

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute

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2
Q

What is the formula for CO?

A

CO= stroke volume x HR

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3
Q

What SVR (SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE)

A

the pressure caused by systemic circulation

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4
Q

What are murmurs?

A

Blowing or swooshing sound

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5
Q

What causes murmurs?

A 
High blood flow rate through normal or abnormal orifices 
Forward flow through a narrowed or irregular or into a dilated vessel 
Backward flow (regurgitation) through an incompetent valve
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6
Q

What are systolic murmurs?

A

Associated with aortic and pulmonic valves

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7
Q

What are diastolic murmurs?

A

Associated with tricuspid and mitral valves

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8
Q

What’s the equation for BP?

A

SVR + CO

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9
Q

What’s pre htn?

A

120-139/80-89

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10
Q

What is grade 1 HTN?

A

140-159/90-99, mild

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11
Q

What is grade 2 HTN?

A

Moderate, 160-179/100-109

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12
Q

What is grade 3 HTN?

A

Greater than 180/>110

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13
Q

What factors contribute to the development of HTN?

A

SNS stimulation
H2O & Na retention
Insulin resistance
Renin angiotensin mechanisms

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14
Q

What are level one treatments for htn?

A

Weight reduction
Decrease Na intake
I’m ease physical activity
Decrease alcohol consumption

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15
Q

What are the goals of level 2 treatment of HTN?

A

Lower SVR and CO

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16
Q

What are level two treatments of HTN?

A

Thiazide dieuretics
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Beta blockers

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17
Q

What does HTN play a major factor in the function of?

A

Brain, kidneys, eyes, peripheral vascular system

18
Q

What does HF include?

A

Abnormal condition with impaired cardiac pumping
Changes of vasoconstriction and fluid retention
Any mechanisms affecting CO
Ventricular dysfunction
Decreased exercise tolerance and quality of life
Shortened life expectancy

19
Q

What are primary risk factors of HF?

A

Diabetes, high cholesterol, HTN, obesity, smoking, poor diet

20
Q

What is the number one cause of HF?

A

HTN

21
Q

What is the number two cause of HF?

A

CAD

22
Q

What is the third cause of HF?

A

Cardiomyopathy

23
Q

What are the three types of cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated
Hypertrophic
Restrictive

24
Q

What causes dilated cardiomyopathy?

A 
HTN 
Alcohol 
Diabetes 
Obesity 
Infections
25
Q

What causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Uncontrolled HTN

26
Q

What cause restricted cardiomyopathy?

A

Tumours
Cancer
Disease of the heart muscle

27
Q

Where does chronic HF affect?

A

Heart musculature

28
Q

Which side of the heart does chronic HF affect?

A

Can effect both R and L

29
Q

What is acute HF?

A

Inability to meet body’s oxygen demand

30
Q

Is acute HF left sided or right?

A

Left

31
Q

What are the two types of HF?

A

Right sided HF

Left sided HF

32
Q

What are causes of left sided HF?

A 
CV disease 
Previous MI 
Valve disease
Congenital disease 
Arrhythmias
HTN
Cardiac infection
33
Q

What are complications of left sided HF?

A

Pulmonary edema
Resp distress
Life threatening arrhythmias
Valve dysfunction

34
Q

What are causes of right sided HF?

A

Left sided HF
Lung disease
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Tricuspid valve disease

35
Q

What are complications of right sided HF?

A 
Severe anemia 
Renal failure 
Hepatic failure 
Blood clots 
Chronic venous stasis
36
Q

What are common clinical manifestations bw both types of HF?

A 
Fatigue 
SOB
trouble sleeping 
Chest pain 
Tachycardia 
Nocturia
37
Q

What is the goal of therapy for chronic Hf?

A

Improve CO

38
Q

What does acute HF manifest as?

A

Pulmonary edema

39
Q

What does early stage of acute HF look like?

A

Increased RR

Decreased Pa02

40
Q

What does a later stage of acute heart failure look like

A

Tachypnea

Respiratory acidosis

CNUR 203 (5 decks)

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