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CNUR 203 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Disorder of glucose metabolism related to absent or insufficient insulin supply or poor utilization of insulin

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2
Q

What are the most common types of diabetes?

A

Type 1 and type 2
Pre diabetes
Gestational diabetes

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3
Q

What people are at high risk for diabetes?

A

Hispanic Asian African First Nation

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4
Q

Is being younger than 40 a risk factor for diabetes?

A

F

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5
Q

Do you have a higher risk for diabetes if you have a first relative with it?

A

T

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6
Q

Does having vascular disease put you at risk for diabetes?

A

T

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7
Q

Do you have a lower risk if you have a Hx of gestational diabetes?

A

F , higher

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8
Q

Is hypotension a risk factor for diabetes?

A

F it’s HTN

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9
Q

Are you at higher risk of you dyslipidemia and are overweight and with schizophrenia?

A

T

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10
Q

Where is the insulin hormone produced?

A

Islets of Langer Hans in pancreas

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11
Q

How does insulin affect BG?

A

Lowers

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12
Q

What’s a stable range of glucose?

A

4-6 mmol /L

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13
Q

What is the average amount of insulin secreted daily p?

A

40 to 50 units

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14
Q

What hormones oppose the effects of insulin?

A

Glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol

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15
Q

How do glucagon epinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone oppose the effect of insulin?

A

Increase BG by stimulating glucose production ans output by the liber and decreasing movement of glucose into the cells

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16
Q

Insulin promotes glucose transport from the..

A

Bloodstream to cell membrane

17
Q

How does glucose enter the cell?

A

Insulin receptor accepts unsound, glucose channel opens, glucose flows in

18
Q

What does high cortisol levels cause?

A

High glucose levels

19
Q

What happens when insulin levels are constantly high?

A

Cells become insulin resistant

20
Q

What is insulin resistance?What occurs as a result?

A

Insulin no longer fits into insulin receptor. Less glucose enters the cells, cells are starved of glucose.

21
Q

How does the body compensate for lack of glucose p?

A

Body produces more insulin, allowing only half the glucose in bc the fit of the insulin is poor

22
Q

Why is having high insulin levels a bad thing?

A

High insulin levels cause obesity bc insulin stores fat

23
Q

What is type 1 diabetes p?

A

Progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells, beta cells store and release insulin, immune system attacks beta cells. There is no insulin being released to move glucose into cells leading to hyperglycaemia. Bc body can’t use sugar it’s expelled in urine

24
Q

What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

A

Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Polyphagia (extreme hunger)
Polyurea (excessive urination)

25
Q

What is required to sustain life in type 1 diabetes pts?

A

Exogenous insulin

26
Q

What disease lead up to type 2 diabetes p?

A

Metabolic syndrome

Pre diabetes

27
Q

What is metabolic syndrome e

A 
Insulin resistance 
Increased waist circumference
High BP
high triglycerides 
Low HDL cholesterol
28
Q

How to reverse metabolic syndrome?

A 
Smoking cessation 
Lowering BP
Reducing glucose levels 
Weight reduction 
Increase physical activity 
Healthy diet
29
Q

What are the two types of pre diabetes?

A

Impaired fasting glucose

Impaired glucose tolerance

30
Q

What is impaired fasting glucose?

A

BG levels high after fasting

31
Q

What is impaired glucose tolerance?

A

Insulin resistance

32
Q

What is type 2 diabetes

A

Pancreas produces insulin

But is poorly utilized by tissues

33
Q

How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?

A

Fasting plasma glucose level of greater than 7 mmol/l

Random plasma glucose level great 11.1 mmol L

34
Q

Why can insulin not be taken orally?

A

Inactivated by gastric juices

35
Q

How does exercise affect BG?

A

Increases insulin sensitivity and lowers BG

36
Q

What are symptoms of hyperglycaemia?

A 
Thrust 
Hunger
Dry skin
Nausea 
Blurred vision 
Frequent ruination 
Drowsiness

CNUR 203 (5 decks)

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