Respiratory Flashcards
What kind of infection is otitis media?
common, self-limiting VIRAL infection
how does otitis media present?
bulging eardrum
spontaneous rupture of eardrum
how do you treat otitis media?
analgesia
what is otitis media?
inflammation of the MIDDLE ear
otitis externa would be the outer ear
URTI examples:
tonsillitis/ pharyngitis
rhinitis
croup
epiglottitis
laryngotracheobronchitis
croup
LRTI examples
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
pertussis
bronchitis
Croup symptoms:
stridor
Coryza (cold, inflamed mucosa in the nose)
hoarse voice
‘barking cough’
how do you treat croup?
oral dexamethasone
how do you treat epiglottitis?
antibiotics and intubation
stridor is usually a symptoms of infections like:
croup
epiglottitis
URTI are very common but are also
self limiting!!!
antibiotics don’t usually help
common bacteria in LRTIs
Strep pneumoniae,
Haemophilus influenzae,
Moraxella catarrhalis,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Chlamydia pneumoniae
if they have a wheeze- what is unlikely?
bacterial cause
if the signs are in one area
creps
high fever
what does this point to in a child?
pneumonia
how do you treat penumonia?
oral amoxycillin
oral macrolide
what are signs that a child is in respiratory stress?
increased respiratory rate
increased heart rate
nasal flaring
grunting
agitation
use of accessory muscles
what are the signs that a child is in respiratory failure?
low oxygen stats
cyanosis
somnolence
less respiratory rate and heart rate
Cough in children. Differentials:
asthma
infection
allergic rhinitis
inhaled foreign body
CF
wheeze in children.
differentials:
infection - bronchiolitis/ pneumonia
asthma
milk allergy
inhaled foreign body
CF
stridor suggests the problem is where?
upper respiratory tract
stridor differentials
croup
epiglottitis
anaphylaxis
inhaled foreign body
wheeze suggests the problem is where?
lower respiratory tract
if you hear crackles +/- wheeze in a child - what might they have?
bronchiolitis
what are some signs/ symptoms of pneumoina
Signs are in one area (focal)
URTI signs
high fever
respiratory stress
brochial breathing and crackles heard
malaise/ poor feeding
how do you treat pneumonia?
amoxcillin
what is whooping cough also known as?
what is the bacteria?
pertussis
bordetella pertussis
common reasons for heart failure in children is structural defects such as:
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
coarctation of the of
aorta
valve disease
coarctation of the aorta (aortic narrowing) is common in what syndrome?
turners
respiratory distress symptoms
increased resp rate and heart rate
nasal flaring
agitation
recession/ retraction
accessory muscle use
grunting
differentials of cough
infection
asthma
allergic rhinitis
inhaled foreign body
CF
differentials of wheeze in children
asthma
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
allergy (milk allergy)
inhaled foreign body
differentials of stridor
infection (croup, epiglottitis)
anaphylaxis
inhaled foreign body
differentials for respiratory crackles
pneumonia (unilateral)
bronchiolitis (bilateral)
two main defining features of croup
subglottic inflammation
oedema
bronchiolitis causes:
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
paraflu
over 5 years old what do you give for asthma
SABA
LABA / ICS
under 5 years old what do you give for asthma
SABA
LTRA
