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Y3 - Paediatrics > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Sepsis is what two things?

A

SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome)

and suspected or proven infection

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2
Q

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome comprises of what symptoms?

A

fever or hypothermia

tachycardia

tachypnoea

leucocytosis

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3
Q

sepsis can result in multi organ failure:

A

resp failure

renal failure

neurologic failure

haematological failure

liver failure

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4
Q

what is ARDS?

A

acute respiratory response syndrome

inflammatory response of the lung

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5
Q

what is septic shock?

A

cardiovascular failure

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6
Q

what bacteria are responsible for neonatal sepsis?

A

group B strep

E.coli

Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

what bacteria are responsible for sepsis in children?

A

strep pneumoniae

meningiococcal

Group A strep

Staph Aureus

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8
Q

symptoms of paediatric sepsis

A

fever or hypothermia

cold hands and feet

prolonged capillary refill time

chills/ rigors

limb pain

vomiting and/or diarrhoea

muscle weakness

muscle/ joint aches

skin rash

diminished urine output

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9
Q

Supportive ABCD for sepsis

A

Airway

breathing

circulation

D - dont ever forget glucose

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10
Q

how do you treat sepsis?

A

treat the cause: broad-spectrum antibiotics

3rd generation cephalosporins + amoxicillin if they’re a neonate

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11
Q

how do you investigate sepsis?

A

bloods:
FBC (leucocytosis)

CRP (elevated)
coagulation factors

Blood gas (acidosis)

LFTs (hepatic dysfunction)

glucose

culture

CSF:
cell count and culture (increased WCC!!!)

protein and glucose (glucose will be low)

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12
Q

causes of paediatric meningitis in neonates

A

Group B strep

E.coli

Listeria monocytogenes

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13
Q

causes of paediatric meningitis in children

A

Strep pneumonia

meningococci

haemophilus influenzae

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14
Q

symptoms of meningitis in children:

A

nuchal rigidity

headaches, photophobia

diminished consciousness

focal neurological abnormalities

seizures

Meningococcal Rash

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15
Q

symptoms of meningitis in neonates:

A

lethargy, irritability

bulging fontanelle

seizures

Meningococcal Rash

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16
Q

is strep pneumoniae gram negative or positive?

A

positive

17
Q

complications of pneumococcal meningitis

A

brain damage

hearing loss

hydrocephalus

18
Q

haemophilus infuenzae

gram negative or positive?

A

negative

19
Q

Strep and staph:

gram negative or positive?

A

gram positive

20
Q

how do you treat streptococci?

A

penicillin for 10 days

21
Q

how do you treat staphylococci?

A

flucloxacillin (synthetic penicillin)

22
Q

what is scarlet fever?

A

Group A strep infection

23
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever:

group A strep infection

A

malaise

fever

pharyngitis

rash

‘strawberry tongue’

24
Q

what are some skin infections/ systemic disease that can be caused by staphylococcus aureus

A

impetigo

cellulitis

infected eczema

ulceration

staph scalded skin syndrome

toxic shock syndrome

25
Q

Highly contagious

golden sores/ blisters

what is this?

A

impetigo

26
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

mostly kids under 5

fever, widespread redness, fluid filled blisters

27
Q

what is Kawasaki disease?

A

self-limiting vasculitis of medium sized arteries

28
Q

symptoms of Kawasaki disease:

A

fever for 5 days plus:
bilateral conjunctival infection

cracked lips/ strawberry tongue

cervical lymphadenopathy

polymorphous rash

29
Q

how do you treat Kawasaki disease?

A

immunoglobulins

aspirin

steroids

immunosuppressive agents

30
Q

Varicella zoster virus infections symptoms

varicella, chickenpox, zoster

A

mild malaise and fever

generally not unwell

itchy

papules, vesicles, pustules, crustae, scarring

31
Q

Varicella treatment

A

Aciclovir

32
Q

how do you prevent the varicella zoster cirus?

A

vaccine!!

33
Q

Herpes simplex virus - difference between type 1 and 2:

A

HSV1 is oral

HSV 2 is genital

34
Q

how do you treat herpes?

A

aciclovir

35
Q

HIV is an example of what?

A

a secondary immunodeficiency

36
Q

how do you investigate an immunodeficiency?

A

FBC

immunoglobulins

HIV test

Functional antibodies

lymphocyte subsets

complement

Y3 - Paediatrics (16 decks)

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