Neonatology Flashcards
when does the CVS develop in embryology?
end of the 3rd week
oxygenated blood via the umbilical vein (in utero) is carried by what?
ductus venosus
what is the ductus arteriosus?
protects the lungs against circulatory overload
allows the right ventricle to strengthen
carries low oxygen saturated blood
ductus venosus connects what 2 vessels?
umbilical vein
IVC
ductus venosus carries what kind of blood
mostly oxygenated
ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, umbilical vein and umbilical arteries become what after birth?
ligaments
physiological jaundice can lead to what serious complication?
Kernicterus
what is Kerniterus?
toxic - deposits in the brain of fat soluble bilirubin
causes cerebral palsy, learning difficulties etc
if a baby is small for dates - what are the possible causes?
small for gestational age (SGA)
intra-uterine growth restriction
pre-eclampsia
chromosomal (edwards syndrome)
foetal infection
twin pregnancy
what are common problems a small for dates baby may present with?
perinatal hypoxia
hypoglycaemia
hypothermia
thrombocytopenia
preterm respiratory problems
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
how do you treat RDS
prevention (antenatal steroids)
surfactant
early intubation
broncho-pulmonary dysplasia
is a form of chronic lung disease that affects newborns (mostly premature) and infants. It results from damage to the lungs caused by mechanical ventilation (respirator) and long-term use of oxygen
brain issues in preterm babies
intra-ventricular haemorrhage
Persistent ductus arteriosus
additional blood to the pulmonary circulation
you get systemic ischaemia