GI Flash notes

Question 1

ACUTE abdominal pain in a child differentials:

Answer 1

appendicitis

gastroenteritis

UTI

lower lobe pneumonia

autoimmune (irritable bowel)

GI obstruction/ constipation

menstruation

inguinal hernia/ testicular torsion

Question 2

CHRONIC and recurrent abdominal pain in children may be:

Answer 2

GORD

lactose intolerance/ coeliac disease/ cows milk allergy

malrotation

IBD, constipation

abdominal migraine

UTI

Question 3

vomiting (non bilious) in children is almost always due to:

Answer 3

GORD or gastroenteritis

Question 4

blood stained vomit causes:

Answer 4

oesophagitis

malrotation

pertussis

Question 5

chronic vomiting

Answer 5

overfeeding

GORD

Question 6

bile stained vomit suggests what?

Answer 6

a GI obstruction

Question 7

diarrhoea in children

(no blood) causes:

Answer 7

infection (gastroenteritis)

coeliac

cows milk allergy, lactose intolerance

IBD (crohn’s)

Question 8

bloody diarrhoea in children

Answer 8

necrotising entero-colitis

obstruction (intussusception/ volvulus)

Question 9

causes of a GI obstruction in children:

Answer 9

pyloric stenosis

duodenal atresia (presents in first 24hours of life)

intussusception

malrotation and volvulus

Meckel’s diverticulum

inguinal hernia

Question 10

signs and symptoms of a bowel obstruction

Answer 10

vomiting (maybe green depending on place)

abdominal distension

Question 11

Intussusception signs and symptoms

Answer 11

bile stained vomit

colicky pain and pallor

mass in abdomen

recurrent ‘jelly’ stool (blood stained)

shock

Question 12

malrotation symptoms:

Answer 12

bilious green vomiting

severe, acute abdominal pain

distention

Question 13

how do you investigate malrotation?

Answer 13

USS

Question 14

pyloric stenosis signs and symptoms

Answer 14

projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeds

hunger

peristalsis

Question 15

pyloric stenosis investigations

Answer 15

USS

blood gases (metabolic alkalosis)

Question 16

Gastroenteritis organisms:

Answer 16

Viral: rotavirus, norovirus

Bacterial: campylobacter jejuni, salmonella E.coli

Question 17

signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis

Answer 17

diarrhoea

vomiting

bloody stool

fever

dehydration

Question 18

investigating gastroenteritis:

Answer 18

stool culture and microscopy

Question 19

pathophysiology behind a cows milk allergy

Answer 19

IgE mediated

type 1 hypersensitivity

allergy to casein or whey proteins in milk

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of a cows milk allergy

Answer 20

failure to thrive and poor feeding

loose stools (may contain blood/streaks)

abdominal pain

vomiting

Question 21

how do you investigate cows milk allergy?

Answer 21

skin prick test/

withdrawal of cows milk

Question 22

coeliac disease signs and symptoms

Answer 22

constipation/ diarrhoea

poor growth

irritable

wasted buttocks

abdominal protrusion

Question 23

what is the most common extracranial tumour in children?

Answer 23

neuroblastoma