Respiratory

Question 1

Cystic fibrosis is inherited in which manner?

Answer 1

Autosomal recessive.

Question 2

Which neonatal screening test is used to detect cystic fibrosis?

Answer 2

Guthrie - heel prick test.

Question 3

Which test is used to detect cystic fibrosis?

Answer 3

• Neonates - Guthrie.

- Other - Sweat test is gold standard.

Question 4

When might a false positive for Cystic fibrosis occur on a sweat test?

Answer 4

• Untreated Addison’s disease.
• Glycogen storage disease.
• Untreated hypothyroidism.
• Atopic eczema.

Question 5

When might a false negative for Cystic Fibrosis occur on a sweat test?

Answer 5

• Oedema.
• Insufficient sample.
• Contamination.
• Evaporation.

Question 6

Classical findings of pneumonia?

Answer 6

• Dull percussion.
• Crackles.
• Bronchial breathing.
• Increased vocal resonance.
• Consolidation.

Question 7

What is consolidation?

Answer 7

radiology suggests an area of lung tissue contains fluid - e.g. pus, oedema, blood, inhaled water, inflammatory exudate.

Question 8

A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air, where?

Answer 8

In the space between the visceral and parietal pleurae.

Question 9

Features of life threatening asthma exacerbation?

Answer 9

• Silent chest.
• Cyanosis.
• Hypotension.
• Reduced conscious level (suggests hypoxia / hypercapnia).
• PEFR <33% predicted.
  NEED TO LET INTENSIVE CARE KNOW.

Question 10

Transition from low PaCO2 to a normal PaCO2 in someone with a life threatening asthma exacerbation is indicative of?

Answer 10

Fatigue and further deterioration.

Question 11

Causes of bilateral hilar node enlargement?

Answer 11

• Sarcoidosis.
• TB.
• Lymphoma.
• Lymph node metastases.

Question 12

Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis?

Answer 12

• Erythema nodosum (leg rash).
• Lupus pernio.
• Macular / papular sarcoidosis.