Respiratory Flashcards
Define breathing
The process of the exchange of air between the Lund’s and the environment, including inspiration and expiration
Define respiratory membrane
The membrane where the diffusion of oxygen and other gases occurs between the living cells of the body and the external environment
Define respiration
All processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the environment, including breathing, gas exchange, and cellular respiration
Define trachea
The windpipe
Define cilia
Tiny hairlike structures found on some cells that sweep away foreign debris
Define epiglottis
The structure that covers the glottis during swallowing
Define glottis
The open ending of the trachea
Define larynx
The voice box
Define bronchi
The passages from the trachea to the left and right lung
Define bronchiole
The smallest passageways of the respiratory tract
Define alveoli
Sacs of the lung in which gas exchange occurs
Define pleural membrane
A thin membrane that surrounds the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner wall of the chest cavity
Define diaphragm
A sheet of muscle that separates the organs of the thoracic cavity from those of the abdominal cavity
Define intercostal muscle
A muscle that raises and lowers the rib cage
The cells of the body obtain energy through ____________. Thus, ___________ is essential to survival
Oxidation
Oxygen
Air enters the respiratory system through the ________ or the __________. Then, it enters the _________, then _________, then _________, then _________ and finally the _________.
Nose Mouth Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
Define hemoglobin
The oxygen carrying molecule in red blood cells
Define oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen
Define carbonic anhydrase
An enzyme found in red blood cells that speeds the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid
Define buffer
A substance capable of neutralizing acids and bases, thus maintaining the original pH of the solution
Define chemoreceptor
A specialized nerve receptor that is sensitive to specific chemicals
Define bronchitis
An inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Define emphysema
A respiratory disorder characterized by an over inflation of the alveoli
Define bronchial asthma
A respiratory disorder characterized by reversible narrowing of the bronchial passages
Define cardiac muscle
The involuntary muscle of the heart
Define smooth muscle
The involuntary muscle found in the lining of many organs
Define skeletal muscle
The voluntary muscle that makes the bones of a skeleton move
Define tendon
A band of connective tissue that joins a muscle to bone
Define antagonistic muscles
A pair of skeletal muscle that are arranged in pairs and that work against each other to make a joint move
Define flexor
The muscle that must contract to bend a joint
Define extensor
The muscle that must contract to straighten a joint
Define sarcolemma
The delicate sheath that surrounds muscle fibres
Define myofilament
A thread of contractile proteins found within muscle fibres
Define creative phosphate
A compound in muscle cells that releases a phosphate to ADP and helps regenerate ATP supplies in muscle cells
Define summation
Increased muscle contraction produced by the combination of stimuli
Define tetanus
The state of constant muscle contraction caused by sustained nerve impulses
