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Bio 20 > 7-9 > Flashcards

7-9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ecotone

A

A transition area between ecosystems

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2
Q

Define ecological niche

A

An organisms role in an ecosystem, consisting of its place in the food web, it’s habitats it’s breeding area, and the time of day it is most active

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3
Q

Ecotones usually have more ____________ than the ______________ themselves

A

Biodiversity

Ecosystem

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4
Q

Define biome

A

A large geographical region with a specific range of temperature and precipitation

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5
Q

Define the taiga biome

A

Also known as the boreal forest, it is dominated by conifers, found in every province in canada, and 80% of Canada’s forest are taiga

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6
Q

Define permanent frost

A

Permanently frozen soil, found under the conditions of a short growing season, cold temperatures, and low precipitation

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7
Q

Define muskeg

A

Soil above the permafrost that is swampy or boggy during the summer

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8
Q

Define grassland biomes

A

Found in central and southern Alberta,

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9
Q

Define deciduous forest ecosystem

A

Central Alberta, more sunlight and warmer, rich fertile soil, diversity of animals

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10
Q

Define aquatic ecosystems

A

Found in ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans

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11
Q

Define littoral zone

A

The area from the shore of a lake or pond to the point where no more plants grow in the lake bottom, the most productive part of lake.

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12
Q

Define limnetic zone

A

The area of a lake or pond in which there is open water and sufficient light for photosynthesis to occur

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13
Q

Define plankton

A

Autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms found in the limnetic zone of a lake or pond

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14
Q

Define profundal zone

A

The region of a lake beneath the limnetic zone, in which there is insufficient light for photosynthesis to occur

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15
Q

What are Albertas two major biomes?

A

Taiga and grassland

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16
Q

Define litter

A

The upper layer of soil, composed mainly of partially decomposed leaves or grasses

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17
Q

Define topsoil

A

The soil beneath the litter, composed of small particles of rock mixed with humus

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18
Q

Define humus

A

Decaying plant and animal matter

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19
Q

Define subsoil

A

The soil layer beneath the topsoil, usually containing more rock particles and less organic matter than the topsoil

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20
Q

Define bedrock

A

The layer beneath the soil, composed of rock

21
Q

Define groundwater

A

Water in the soil or rock below the earths surface

22
Q

Define epilimniom

A

The upper level of a lake, warms up in summer

23
Q

Define hypelimnion

A

The lower level of a lake, remains at a cooler temperature year round

24
Q

Define thermocline

A

The zone between the epilimnion and hypolimnion in which temperature changes rapidly

25
Q

___________ water holds ______ dissolved oxygen than __________ water, the solubility of oxygen in water ___________ as the water temperature ___________.

A 
Warmer
Less
Colder
Increases
Decreases
26
Q

As water cools it becomes ______ dense, however below 4 degrees Celsius it becomes ______ dense

A

More

Less

27
Q

Define biotic potential

A

The maximum number of offspring that a species could produce with unlimited resources

28
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of individuals of a species that can be supported by an ecosystem

29
Q

What is the law of the minimum?

A

States that the nutrient in the least supply is the one that limits growth, mid 1800’s, Justus von Liebig

30
Q

What is the law of tolerance??

A

States that an organism can survive within a particular range of an abiotic factor, 1913, Victor Shelford

31
Q

What is the density independent factor

A

A factor in an ecosystem that affects member of a population regardless of the populations density, such as fires, floods, drought, or change in climate or temperature

32
Q

What is a density dependent factor

A

A factor in an ecosystem that affects members of a population because of the populations density, such as food supply, water quality, sunlight, disease, and territory

33
Q

Define slash and burn

A

The complete clearing of a forest by falling and burning the trees

34
Q

Define clear cutting

A

The removal of all trees in an area

35
Q

Define selective cutting

A

The harvesting of only certain trees from an area

36
Q

Define prescribed burn

A

A controlled fire set intentionally in a designated area

37
Q

Define oligotrophic

A

Having low nutrient levels, lakes are typically cold and deep, very clear water

38
Q

Define eutrophic

A

Having high nutrient levels, lakes are typically warm and shallow, often murky, many organisms

39
Q

What are the five categories of water pollution??

A 
Organic solid waste
Disease causing organisms
Inorganic solids and dissolved minerals
Thermal energy
Organic compounds
40
Q

Define organic solid waste

A

Includes sewage and waste from food processing. As this matter is decomposed by bacteria the oxygen in the water is used up

41
Q

Define disease causing organisms

A

Come from sewage and animal wastes that enter aquatic ecosystems with runoff. These organisms can trigger an outbreak of a waterborne disease such as typhoid

42
Q

Define inorganic solids and dissolved minerals

A

Includes waste from mining, fertilizers, and salts from road runoff in winter

43
Q

Define thermal energy waste

A

Comes from electricity generating plants and other industries. Heating the water in aquatic ecosystems decreases the solubility of oxygen in the water

44
Q

Define organic command waste

A

Includes oil from roads, pesticides, and detergents. Road oil is toxic to fish and waterfowl. Pesticides are toxic to various organisms, and accumulate through the food chain. Phosphates promote algae growth, resulting in lack of oxygen during decomposition

45
Q

What are the three main indicators of water quality?

A

Bacteria count
Concentration of dissolved oxygen
Biological oxygen demand

46
Q

Define coliform bacteria

A

A type of bacteria that occurs naturally in the intestines of humans and other animals, and indicates presence of fecal contamination in water

47
Q

Define biological oxygen demand

A

The amount of dissolved oxygen needed by decomposes to break down the organic matter in a water. Sample as 20 degrees Celsius over five days

48
Q

Define watershed

A

The land that drains toward a lake or other body of water

Bio 20 (5 decks)

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