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Bio 20 > Circulatory > Flashcards

Circulatory Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Define pulse

A

Change in the diameter of the arteries following heart contractions

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3
Q

Define autonomic nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that controls the motor nerves that regulate equilibrium, not under conscious control

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4
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of blood vessels, allowing less blood to the tissues

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5
Q

Define vasodilation

A

The widening of blood vessels, allowing more blood to the tissues

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6
Q

Define atherosclerosis

A

A degeneration of blood vessels caused by the accumulation of fat deposits in the inner wall

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7
Q

Define arteriosclerosis

A

A group of disorders that cause the blood vessels to thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity

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8
Q

Define aneurysm

A

A bulge in the weakened wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery

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9
Q

Define vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

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10
Q

Define septum

A

A wall of muscle that separates the right and left sides of the heart

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11
Q

Define pulmonary circulatory

A

The system of blood vessels that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart

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12
Q

Define systemic circulatory system

A

The system of blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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13
Q

Define atrium

A

A thin walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins

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14
Q

Define ventricle

A

A muscular, thick walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries

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15
Q

Define artioventricular (AV) valve

A

A heart valve that prevents the back flow of blood from a ventricle into an atrium

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16
Q

Define semilunar valve

A

A valve that prevents the back flow of blood from and artery into a ventricle

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17
Q

Define aorta

A

The largest artery in the body, carries oxygenated blood to the tissues

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18
Q

Define coronary artery

A

An artery that supplies the cardiac muscle with oxygen and nutrients

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19
Q

Define myogenic muscle

A

Muscle that contracts without external nerve stimulation

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20
Q

Define sinoatrial (SA) node

A

A small mass of tissue in the right atrium that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat

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21
Q

Define atrioventricular (AV) node

A

A small mass of tissue in the right atrioventricular region through which impulses from the sinoatrial node are passed to the ventricles

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22
Q

Define purkinje fibre

A

A nerve fibre that branches and carries electrical impulses throughout the ventricles

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23
Q

Define sympathetic nervous system

A

A division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress

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24
Q

Define parasympathetic nervous system

A

A division of the autonomic nervous system that returns the body to normal resting levels following adjustments to stress

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25
Q

Define diastole

A

Relaxation (dilation) of the heart, during which the atria fill with blood

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26
Q

Define systole

A

Contraction of the heart, during which blood is pushed out of the heart

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27
Q

Define cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute

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28
Q

Define stroke volume

A

The quantity of blood pumped with each beat of the heart

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29
Q

Define sphygmomanometer

A

A device used to measure blood pressure

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30
Q

Define thermoregulation

A

Maintenance of body temperature within a range that enables cells to function efficiently

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31
Q

Define hypothalamus

A

Region of a vertebrates brain responsible for coordinating many nerve and hormone functions

32
Q

Define extracellular fluid (EFC)

A

Fluid that occupies the spaces between cells and tissues, includes plasma and interstitial fluid

33
Q

Define filtration

A

The selective movement of materials through capillary walls by a pressure gradient

34
Q

Define lymph

A

The fluid found in lymph vessels that contains some proteins that have leaked through capillary walls

35
Q

Define lymph node

A

A mass of tissue that stores lymphocytes and removes bacteria and foreign particles from the lymph

36
Q

Define lymphocyte

A

A white blood cell that produces antibodies

37
Q

Define spleen

A

A lymphoid organ that acts as a reservoir for blood and a filtering site for lymph

38
Q

Define thymus gland

A

A lymphoid organ in which T lymphocytes mature

39
Q

Define plasma

A

The fluid portion of the blood

40
Q

Define erythrocyte

A

A red blood cell that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen

41
Q

Define anemia

A

The reduction in blood oxygen due to low levels of hemoglobin or poor red blood cell production

42
Q

Define leukocyte

A

A white blood cell

43
Q

Define platelet

A

A component of blood responsible for initiating blood clotting

44
Q

Define thrombus

A

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and blocks it

45
Q

Define embolus

A

A blood clot that dislodges and is carried by the circulatory system to another part of the body

46
Q

Define antigen

A

A substance, usually protein, that stimulates the formation of an antibody

47
Q

Define antibody

A

A protein formed within the blood that reacts with an antigen

48
Q

Define agglutination

A

The clumping of blood cells caused by antigens and antibodies

49
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

The process by which a white blood cell engulfs and chemically destroys a microbe

50
Q

Define macrophage

A

A phagocytic white blood cells found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen and liver

51
Q

Define pus

A

A thick liquid composed of protein fragments from digested leukocytes and microbes

52
Q

Define inflammatory response

A

Localized nonspecific response triggered when tissue cells are injured by bacteria or physical injury, characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain

53
Q

Define complement protein

A

A plasma protein that helps defend against invading microbes by tagging the microbe for phagocytosis, puncturing cell membranes, or triggering the formation of a mucous coating

54
Q

Define T cell

A

A lymphocyte, manufacturer in the bone marrow and processed by the thymus gland, that identifies and attacks foreign substances

55
Q

Define B cell

A

A lymphocyte, made and processed in the bone marrow, that produces antibodies

56
Q

Define receptor site

A

A port along a cell membrane into which hormones, nutrients, and other needed materials fit

57
Q

Define helper T cell

A

A T cell with receptors that bind to fragments of antigens

58
Q

Define lymphokine

A

A protein produced by the T cells that acts as a chemical messenger between other T cells and B cells

59
Q

Define killer T cell

A

A T cell that destroys microbes, body cells infected with viruses, and mutated cells by puncturing cell membranes

60
Q

Define suppressor T cell

A

A T cell that turns off the immune system

61
Q

Define memory B cell

A

A B cell that retains information about the shape of an antigen

62
Q

Define pluripotent cell

A

A cell that is capable of developing into a number of specialized cell, such as neutron or muscle cell

63
Q

The pulmonary circulatory system is the system of blood vessels that carries blood to and from the _________. The systematic circulatory system is the system of blood vessels that carries blood to and from the __________.

A

Lungs

Body

64
Q

Proteins in the EFC are returned to the circulatory system by the ______________________________

A

Lymphatic system

65
Q

Lymph nodes house ____________________

A

White blood cells

66
Q

Erythrocytes function primarily to transport ____________

A

Oxygen

67
Q

What is the universal recipient blood type

A

AB

68
Q

What is the universal donor blood type

A

Type O

69
Q

_______ and _______ membranes provide physical barriers that prevent most infectious organisms from entering the body

A

Skin and mucous

70
Q

What is the function of the helper T cells

A

Act as sentries to identify foreign invading substances

71
Q

What is the function of B cells

A

To produce antibodies

72
Q

What is the function of killer T cells

A

Puncture cell membranes of infected cells, thereby killing the cell

73
Q

What is the function of suppressor T cells

A

They turn off the immune system

74
Q

What is the function of memory B cells

A

Retain information about the shape of an antigen

75
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors found

A

The surface of cardiac muscle

76
Q

Where are beta 2 receptors found

A

The blood vessels and bronchioles leading into the lungs

Bio 20 (5 decks)

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