Respiratory

Question 1

What level is the jugular notch at?

Answer 1

T3

Question 2

What level is the sternal angle?

Answer 2

T4/5

Question 3

What level is the lowest border of the costal margin?

Answer 3

10th CC (L2)

Question 4

What level is the superior angle of scapulae?

Answer 4

T2

Question 5

What level is the male nipple?

Answer 5

T4

Question 6

Describe the surface markings of the inferior margin of the parietal pleura (Right Lung)

Answer 6

1) Apex is 2-3cm above the medial third of the clavicle
2) It continues down just right of the AML until the 6th CC
3) MCL at 8th rib
4) MAL at 10th rib
5) Scapular line crossing the 12th rib
6) Transverse process of L1 vertebra
7) Transverse process of T1 vertebra

Question 7

Describe the surface markings of the inferior margin of the parietal pleura (Left Lung)

Answer 7

1) Apex is 2-3cm above the medial third of the clavicle
2) It continues down just right of the AML until the 4th CC
3) Sharp defect to the left at the 4th CC to the 6th CC (cardiac notch)
4) MCL at 8th rib
5) MAL at 10th rib
6) Scapular line posteriorly at 12th rib
7) Transverse process of L1 vertebra posteriorly
8) Transverse process of T1 vertebra posteriorly

Question 8

What are the surface markings of the upper, middle and lower lobes of the right lung?

Answer 8

1) Lung apex: 2-3cm above clavicle
2) Continues from apex following the pleural reflection to the 6th CC
3) MCL at 6th rib
4) MAL at 8th rib
5) Scapular line at 10th rib posteriorly

Question 9

What are the surface markings of the upper and lower lobes of the left lung?

Answer 9

1) Lung apex: 2-3cm above clavicle
2) Continues from apex following the pleural reflection to the 4th CC
3) At 4th CC- cardiac notch deviates by 3cm laterally at level of 5th CC
3) MCL at 6th rib
4) MAL at 8th rib
5) Scapular line at 10th rib posteriorly

Question 10

What are the surface markings of the oblique fissure?

Answer 10

1) Oblique fissure follows the line going from the level of T3 posteriorly to the 6th CC anteriorly

Question 11

What are the surface markings of the horizontal fissure?

Answer 11

1) Anteriorly locate the 4th CC and run horizontally until you meet the oblique fissure at the MAL at level of T4.

Question 12

What are the borders of the safety triangle?

Answer 12

• Apex below axilla
• Anterior axillary fold of pec major
• Posterior axillary fold of Lat Dorsi
• Inferior border at 5th ICS

Question 13

What are the surface markings of the visceral pleura?

Answer 13

Same as the lung

Question 14

What are the surface markings the mediastinal pleura?

Answer 14

Bounded by and is continuous with the anterior and posterior margins of the costal pleura, cervical pleura superiorly and diaphragmatic pleura inferiorly.