Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum

Question 1

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

Answer 1

It runs from the pubic tubercle to the ASIS

Question 2

Where is the deep inguinal ring located?

Answer 2

It’s located just above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament.

Question 3

Where is the superficial inguinal ring located?

Answer 3

It is located just superior to the pubic tubercle.

Question 4

How can you tell the difference between a male and female pelvis?

Answer 4

Male: 
- Narrow/heart shaped pelvic inlet
-50-60 degree sub pubic angle
-Ischial spines project medially
Female:
-Oval/round shaped pelvic inlet
->80 degree pelvic inlet
-Ischial spines DONT project medially

Question 5

What are the levels of the planes?

Answer 5

Transplyoric - L1
Subcostal - L3 (lowest part of costal margins)
Supracristal - L4 (passes through highest levels of iliac crests)
Intertubercular - L5

Question 6

What is the surface marking of the liver and gall bladder?

Answer 6

1) Right 5th rib at MCL
2) Lower end of sternum
3) Left 5th ICS at MCL
4) Costal margin at right MAL

Gall bladder at tip of the right 9th CC (at MCL)

Question 7

What is the surface marking of the spleen?

Answer 7

The spleen lies along the LEFT 9th, 10th and 11th ribs between the erector spinae muscles and MAL.

Question 8

What is the surface marking of the kidneys and ureters?

Answer 8

Left kidney just above L1
Right kidney just below L1 (6x10cm)

Ureters: 5cm lateral to midline at L1 to PSIS

Question 9

Map the dermatomes (T8-L1)

Answer 9

Superior to umbilicus: T7-T9
Umbilicus: T10
Inferior to umbilicus: T11-T12,L1

Question 10

Where does the pain from appendicitis travel from and to?

Answer 10

It travels from the umbilicus region (T10) to the right inguinal region (L2)