Cardiology

Question 1

What are the borders of the heart?

Answer 1

• 3rd CC 1cm from sternal border on the right
• 6th CC 1cm from sternal border on the right
• 2nd CC 2.5cm from sternal border on the left
• 5th ICS to apex beat at MCL

Question 2

Where would you auscultate the aortic/pulmonary/mitral and tricuspid valves?

Answer 2

Aortic:- Right upper sternal border at 2nd ICS
Pulmonary:- Left upper sternal border at 2nd ICS
Mitral:-Left 5th ICS at apex beat
Tricuspid:-Left 5th costo sternal border

Question 3

What is the surface marking of the apex beat?

Answer 3

Just medial to the MCL in the 5th left ICS

Question 4

Describe the surface marking of the arch of the aorta

Answer 4

The aortic arch begins and ends at the level of the sternal angle. Beginning of arch at 2nd CC on the right. End of the arch at 2nd CC on the left. Top of the arch midway between jugular notch and sternal angle.

Question 5

What are the surface markings of the internal jugular vein?

Answer 5

Just lateral to the common carotid arteries to reach the sternoclavicular joints.

Question 6

What is the surface marking of the right common carotid artery?

Answer 6

It runs from the sternoclavicular joint to the lobe of the right ear.

Question 7

What is the surface marking of the left common carotid artery?

Answer 7

It runs from the arch of the aorta towards the left sternoclavicular joint. This line ascends into the neck along the left side of the trachea and continues upwards along the anterior border of the left SCM muscle towards the ear lobe.