Head, Neck and Spine

Question 1

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Cribriform Plate?

Answer 1

Olfactory nerve fibers

Question 2

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Optic Canal?

Answer 2

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.

Question 3

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Superior orbital fissure?

Answer 3

Oculomotor (3), trochlear (4),ophthalmic division of 5 (V1), abducens (6) and superior ophthalmic vein

Question 4

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Foramen Rotundum?

Answer 4

Maxillary division of 5 (V2)

Question 5

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Foramen Ovale?

Answer 5

Mandibular division of 5 (V3)

Question 6

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Foramen lacenum?

Answer 6

Internal carotid artery

Question 7

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Foramen Spinosum?

Answer 7

Middle meningeal artery and vein

Question 8

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Carotid canal?

Answer 8

Internal carotid artery

Question 9

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 9

Facial (7), vestibulococchlear (8), labyrinthine artery

Question 10

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Jugular Foramen?

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal (9), vagus (10), accessory nerve (11), sigmoid sinus–> internal jugular vein

Question 11

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Hypoglossal canal?

Answer 11

Hypoglossal nerve (12)

Question 12

What blood vessels/nerves travel through the Foramen Magnum?

Answer 12

Vertebral arteries, medulla of brain, spinal roots of accessory nerve

Question 13

What are the surface landmarks of C7, T3, T7, L2 and L4?

Answer 13

C7 - Back of neck first palpable vertebrae
T3- Level with the medial end of the scapula spine
T7 - Level with the inferior angle of the scapula
L2 - Level with the lowest part of the 12th rib
L4 - Level of the iliac crest

Question 14

Where would you inject an epidural?

Answer 14

L4, iliac crest and is well below termination of spinal cord

Question 15

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 15

Superiorly – inferior border of the mandible (jawbone)

Laterally – anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

Medially – sagittal line down the midline of the neck.

Question 16

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 16

Anterior – posterior border of the SCM.
Posterior – anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
Inferior – middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 17

What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 17

Platysma muscle
Mylohyoid,muscle
Digastric muscle
Infrahyoid (strap) muscles
Common Carotid artery à bifurcates within triangle into external and internal branches
Internal jugular vein
The cranial nerves in the anterior triangle are the facial [VII], glossopharyngeal [IX], vagus [X], accessory [XI], and hypoglossal [XII] nerves

Question 18

What are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 18

External jugular vein
Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
Trunks of the brachial plexus
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Spinal accessory nerve

Question 19

Demonstrate the surface landmarks for insertion of a central line into the internal jugular vein

Answer 19

Between the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid
Superior to clavicle
Lateral to carotid artery
Insert the needle caudally at 30 degree angle aiming towards the ipsilateral nipple.

Question 20

Demonstrate the positions of the external and internal jugular veins and their surface landmarks

Answer 20

Between the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid
Superior to clavicle
Lateral to carotid artery

Question 21

What are the afferent and efferent arms of the corneal reflex?

Answer 21

Afferent - Sensory fibres of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
Efferent - Motor fibres of the facial nerve