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histology exam 3 > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

types of epithelium present in respiratory system

A
  1. olfactory epithelium
  2. conducting epithelium
  3. gas exchange epithelium
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2
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

SSNKE–in isolated areas

  1. nasal cavity btw septum, lateral wall and olfactory bulb
  2. oropharynx
  3. larynx
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3
Q

conducting epithelium

A

aka respiratory epithelium
–NO RESPIRATION/GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS HERE

1-psuedostratified,
2-ciliated,
3-columnar epithelium

  • with goblet cells (no cilia)
  • enteroenodocrine cells (kulchitskey cells)
  • basal cells

–present in:
1. nasal cavity
2. larynx, trachea
3. bronchi
4, intrapulmonary bronchi
–progression to simple, non-ciliated, cuboidal epithelium in deeper passageways

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4
Q

gas exchange epithelium

A

types 1 and 2 alveolar cells (pneumocystis)

in respiratory bronchioles

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5
Q

Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s

A

reduced regernative capability of the olfactory cells (bipolar neurons)

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6
Q

supporting cell

A

aka sustentacular cell

  • -in tissue: lots of them, and relatively in line with one another
  • -appears that nucleus sit son base of cell
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7
Q

cells in olfactory system:

A
  1. supporting cells aka sustentacular cells
  2. basal cells
    3, bipolar neurons aka olfactory cells
  3. bowman’s gland
  4. dendrites
  5. non-motile cilia on supporting cell surface
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8
Q

kulchitskey cells

A

type of enteroendocrine cells

  • small granule cells
  • dark/brown-stained–(look like keratinocytes/melanocytes)-IHC
  • subsets of these cells releases:
    1. catecholamine
    2. serotonin
    3. calcitonin
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9
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

-CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator –encodes a chloride channel protein that Is defective in CF–reduced chloride transport alters osmotic gradients resulting in increase mucous viscosity

–consequence: Cl- can’t exit cell, osmotic gradient changes–water and salt enters cell–mucous becomes thicker

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10
Q

larynx

A

aka Adam’s apple

-thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

trachea

A
  • adventitia (outer most layer)
  • no muscularis mucosae
  • longitudinal elastic fibers
  • submucosa mixed glands
  • trachealis muscle (between esophagus and trachea)
  • hyaline cartilage(beneath adventitia)
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12
Q

submucosa gland types of trachea

A
  1. sero-mucous gland (lipid middle with purple outside)
  2. mucous gland (circular-white)
  3. serous gland (looks purple-smallest)
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13
Q

mucosa layers of trachea

A

respiratory epithelium and (LP) something else

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14
Q

intrapulmonary (secondary) bronchi

A
  1. glands
  2. hyaline cartilage (circular-with dots)
  3. CT
  4. smooth muscle mucosa
  5. elastic fiber
  6. BALT (brown oval near outer most part)
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15
Q

asthma

A

occurs in the intrapulmonary (secondary) bronchi

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16
Q

bronchiole

A
  1. 1mm or less in diameter (smaller than secondary bronchi)
  2. no mucosal glands
  3. no cartilage
  4. few goblet cells
  5. many Club (Clara) cells
  6. secretory granules
17
Q

club cells

A

found in the bronchiole

  1. non-ciliated
  2. produce surfactant components
  3. repair (they’re stem cells)
  4. protect against inflammation and oxidative stress (CC16)
18
Q

conduction portion of respiratory system

A

trachea
primary and secondary bronchi
bronchiole
terminal bronchiole

19
Q

respiratory portion

A

respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
alveolar sauce (termination of alveolar duct)

20
Q

respiratory bronchiole

A
  • bronchiole with alveoli (at least one)
  • capable of gas exchange (in alveoli only)
  • can still see some smooth muscle
21
Q

pulmonary alveoli

A
  • gas exchange in capillary lumen
  • small structures with fluid on surface need auto prevent layers form sticking together–if they do then there is collapse
22
Q

surfactant

A

made from:

  • DPPC
  • proteinsL surface protein (SP -A, -B, -C, -D)
  • production begins in fetus’ 6 months
  • within alveoli–reduces surface tension
    1. makes lungs more compliant
    2. prevents atelectasis (collapse)
23
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

-may occur in premature babies (because isn’t produced until fetus is 6 months) that have insufficient surfactant–administration of corticosteroids will increase the surfactant levels

24
Q

cells of alveoli

A
  1. type I pneumocyte
  2. type 2 pneumocyte
  3. macrophage
25
Q

type 1 pneumocyte

A

flat cells

one layer of gas exchange barrier

26
Q

type 2 pneumocyte

A

larger cells

  1. lamellar bodies: lipid-rich vesicles that store surfactant
    - -fuse to membrane to release surfactant thus type 2 near surface
  2. microvilli
  3. progenitors for type 1 pneumocytes

–FAs, glucose, choline and AAs enter cell via capillary?

27
Q

macrophages in alveolar tissue

A

aka diet cells

28
Q

components of alveolar tissue

A
  1. type 2 pnuemocytes
  2. type 1 pneumocytes
  3. alveolar pore
  4. macrophage (dust cells)
  5. endothelial cells
  6. epithelial cell
  7. reticular fibers
  8. capillary
  9. septum
29
Q

pulmonary artery

A
  • can be found near bronchiole

- carries deoxygenated blood

30
Q

pulmonary vein

A
  • found by other pulmonary being in a sea of alveoli

- carries oxygenated blood

31
Q

bronchial artery

A

small artery found near pulmonary artery and bronchioles

–carries oxygenated blood

32
Q

bronchial venue/vein

A

carries deoxygenated blood

histology exam 3 (5 decks)

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