Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

histology exam 3 > female reproduction > Flashcards

female reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

uterine tube structure

A 
Fallopian tube/oviduct/salpinx uterina 
four tube segments:
1. infundibulum 
2. ampulla
3. isthmus 
4, intramural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

uterine tube functions

A
  1. provides bidirectional transport mechanism for:
    a. ovum (via ciliary action and peristalsis) towards uterus.
    b. sperm movement away from uterus (movement is faster that swimming alone would allow)
  2. provides environment for fertilization (secretions stimulate sperm maturation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fimbriae

A

part of the infundibulum which is a segment of the uterine tube

  • many ciliated cells
  • “catches” ovum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ampulla

A

a segment of the uterine tube

-fertilization usually occurs here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

infundibulum

A

a segment of the uterine tube

  • funnel shaped
  • fimbriae-“catches” ovum, Many ciliate cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ampulla wall structure

A
  1. serosa (mesothelium, visceral peritoneum)
  2. muscularis: inner circular, outer longitudinal
  3. mucosa: longitudinal folds (resembling fern leaves)
  4. epithelium: simple columnar, with ciliated and non ciliated (peg, secretory) cells
    - -secretions stimulate capacitation of the sperm cells (this is essential for the acrosome reaction)
    - -cells undergo cyclic changes
    a. estrogen increases ciliogenesis
    b. progesterone increases secretory cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

uterus structure

A

3 layered wall:

  1. perimetrium
  2. myometrium
  3. endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

perimetrium

A

wall layer of uterus

mesothelium and underlying elastic tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

myometrium

A
  • wall layer of uterus
  • thick smooth muscle layers (cells enlarge from 50 um to 500um during pregnancy)
  • cells oriented longitudinally
  • btw inner and outer muscle layers is stratum vasculare (blood and lymphatic vessels)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endometrium

A

(1-6 mm thick)

  1. stratum functionale
    - lost during menstruation
    - contains tubular uterine glands
    - contains spiral arteries, capillaries, and lacunae
    - has proliferative, secretory and menstrual stages
  2. stratum basale:
    - both glands and arteries retained during menstruation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stratum functionale

A

part of endometrium of uterus wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stratum functionale stages

A

part of endometrium of uterus wall

  1. proliferative stage (estrogenic)
  2. secretory stage (“pro gestational”)
  3. menstrual (ischemic) stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

menstrual (ischemic) stage

A

occurs in stratum functionale [in tissue–broken epithelium]

  • loss of CL hormones causes periodic spiral artery contractions (lasting hours)
  • stratum functionale becomes ischemic
  • dead tissue, blood lost during menstruation (~5 days, 35-50ml blood loss)
  • blood flow to straight arteries in stratum basal is maintained; striving glandular cells will serve to re-populate the surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

proliferative (estrogenic) stage

A

occurs in stratum functionale

  • under the control of estrogen from follicle
  • stromal, endothelial and epithelial proliferation
  • epithelial migration covers denuded surface (following menstration) and down growth (glands)
  • spiral arteries lengthen
  • collagen and ground substance deposited
  • process continues until one day post ovulation (~2 WEEKS)
  • straight glands
  • no secretions
  • note continuous epithelium in tissue slide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

secretory stage (“pro gestational”)

A

occurs in stratum functionale

  • under the control of progesterone from CL (thus post-ovulation)
  • glands enlarge (sacculated, corkscrew shape)
  • glands fill with secretory products (glycogen)
  • spiral arteries lengthen, coil
  • stromal fluid increases (edema)
  • process continues for ~10 days if no pregnancy occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

uterine cervix

A
  • contains large branched glands–simple columnar epithelium
  • lack spiral arteries
  • few morphological changes occur during menstrual cycle
  • cyclical glandular changes:
    1. near ovulation mucous production increases 10x
    2. mucous at this time is less viscous than at other times of the cycle
  • squamocolumnar junction at external os*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

uterine cervix: transformation zone

A

SSNKE-simple columnar

  • located at external os in women of reproductive age
  • located within cervical canal before puberty and after menopause
  • metaplasia in this zone constitutes pre -cancerous lesions (when detected early, 5 yr survival >90%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vaginal wall composition

A
  1. SSNKE
  2. mucosa with blood vessels
  3. no glands; but lubrication
  4. muscle layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vaginal wall: SSNKE

A
  1. keratohyaline granules sometimes present
  2. cyclical changes:
    - estrogen increases glycogen production
    - -nourishes lactobacillus vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

vaginal wall: mucosa

A

mucosa with blood vessels

-CT papillae project into epithelium

21
Q

vaginal wall: no glands

A

no glands-lubrication from:

  1. cervical glands
  2. vestibular glands
  3. plasma transudate
22
Q

vaginal wall: muscle layer

A
  1. smooth mostly

2. skeletal near vaginal opening

23
Q

mammary gland

A
  • compound alveolar gland with ducts and lactiferous sinus
  • lobes (15-25) separated by suspensory ligaments (Cooper’s)
  • terminal duct lobular units (TDLU)
  • merocrine (protein) and apocrine (lipid) secretion
  • prolactin stimulates milk production
  • oxytocin stimulates milk ejection into ducts (myoepithelial contraction)
24
Q

inactive mammary gland

A

mostly ducts, no secretory alveoli

25
Q

mammary gland during pregnancy

A

increased proliferation of ducts and secretory alveoli

26
Q

lactating mammary gland

A

many secretory alveoli and ducts, little storm

27
Q

lactating mammary gland

A

many secretory alveoli and ducts, little stroma

28
Q

ovary: general organization

A
  1. mesothelium (germinal epithelium)
  2. CT capsule (tunica albuginea)
  3. Cortex
  4. medulla
29
Q

ovary cortex

A
  1. types of follicles:
    a. primordial
    b. primary
    c. secondary (Antral)
  2. gametogenic cells
    a. primary oocytes
    b. secondary oocytes
    c. supporting cells
  3. interstitial tissue (stroma)
30
Q

Ovary medulla

A
  • coiled blood vessels
  • nerves
  • fibroelastic CT
31
Q

site of 70% of ovarian tumors

A

mesothelium in ovary

32
Q

folliculogensis

A

occurs in ovary

33
Q

folliculogensis process

A
  1. primordial follicles
  2. primary follicles
  3. vascular (secondary) follicles
  4. mature vesicular follicle
  5. ruptured follicle (at ovulation)
  6. corpus luteum (early)
  7. corpus luteum (mature)
  8. corpus albicans
34
Q

primary (early) follicles

A
  • single layer, cuboidal follicle cells
  • primary oocyte
  • zona pellucida appears
  • prominent basal lamina
  • stromal cells begin to condense around follicle
35
Q

primary (late, multilaminar) follicles

A
  • obvious growth of oocyte
  • several layers of follicular cells–granulosa cells
  • -possible called pseudostratified
  • zona pellucid well developed
    a. perforated by microvilli from oocyte and granulosa cells
    b. gap junctions between microvilli
36
Q

secondary (antral) follicles

A
  • appearance of follicular fluid
  • theca interna and external develop (steroidogenic cells and myofibroblasts, respectively)
  • elevated estrogen levels–in part due to concentration by sex steroid binding globulin
37
Q

theca interna

A
  • synthesize androgens (via LH stimulation)

- typical appearance of steroid-synthesizing cells)

38
Q

theca externa

A
  • cells will differentiate into myofibroblast-like cells
  • LH responsive
  • contact during ovulation
39
Q

LH surge

A

ovulation –contraction of theca externa fibroblasts expel the ovum

40
Q

mature (Graafian) follicle

A
  • secondary oocyte [meiosis I –reduction division –has completed]
  • unequal cytokinesis gives rise to first polar body
  • haploid (but still 2n DNA-sister chromatids will separate in meiosis II–only if the egg is fertilized)
41
Q

corpus luteum

A

(yellow body)

  • breakdown of follicle basement membrane
  • ingrowth of blood vessels
  • proliferation and infolding of Gas and theca interna (appears “brain-like”)
  • differentiation of theca interna cells and granulosa cells into:
    a. theca lutein cells
    b. granulosa lutein cells (both stimulated by LH)
42
Q

corpus luteum cell types

A

-theca lutein cells smaller are darker than granulosa lutein cells

43
Q

what causes endometrial gland secretion?

A

rising progesterone levels

44
Q

when does the corpus albicans form?

A

(white body)
-form each cycle and following pregnancy (if pregnancy occurs, the CL will persist-6 months due to placental chorionic gondotropin; the continued CL progesterone secretion will maintain the uterine lining

45
Q

follicular atresia

A
  • death and resorption of the follicle
  • can occur at any stage of folliculogenesis
  • 98% of follicles will become atretic
  • frequent remnant is the “glassy membrane” (former basement membrane)
46
Q

predisposition to epithelial tumor development

A

constant rupture and repair of the germinal epithelium

47
Q

corpus albicans

A

after ~10 day degeneration leads to drop in progesterone

  • corpus luteum cells die and replaced by collagenous scar
  • collagenous scar
  • few cells (thus homogenous eosinophilia)
  • appears “cloud-like”
48
Q

what does rising estrogen levels stimulate?

A

endometrial gland proliferation and at mid cycle, LH surge

49
Q

why aren’t primordial follicles/cells identified as foreign particles?

A

although gametes are now “foreign”-this event occurs prior to development of immunocompetence so the gametes are not attacked by the host immune system–they will be considered “self”

histology exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions