Respiratory

Question 1

What are the most common upper and lower respiratory viral and bacterial diseases in the dog and cat? Are they primary pathogens or part of a complex?

Answer 1

Dog:
URT- parainfluenzavirus
LRT- adenovirus

Cat:
URT- rhinotracheitis (herpes-1)
LRT- calicivirus

Question 2

What is the common pathogenesis of respiratory viruses?

Answer 2

Disrupt host defense mechanisms!

1. Infect epithelial cells - loss of ciliated cells, decreased mucous layer, loss of epithelial lining
2. Infect macrophages - alter antigen presentation and cytokine release of macrophages

Increase susceptibility to secondary infections

Question 3

Gross characterisitcs of interstitial pneumonia?

Answer 3

Diffuse distribution (caused mostly by hematogenous spread of viruses)

Question 4

Gross characteristics of bronchopneumonia

Answer 4

Same as bronchointerstitial?

Question 5

Gross characteristics of bronchointerstitial pneumonia

Answer 5

Cranioventral distribution (inhaled pathogens)

Question 6

Gross characteristics of pulmonary mineralization

Answer 6

Rib impressions
Gritty, crunchy feel
Pale, dull

Question 7

What are potential routes of metastasis for primary and metastatic lung tumors?

Answer 7

.

Question 8

What are the most common parasitic and fungal respiratory diseases of upper respiratory tract?

Answer 8

Parasitic:
Oslerus osleri

Fungal: 
Rhinosporidium seeberi
Cryotococcus neoformans
Penicillium
Aspergillus

Question 9

What are the differences between chylothorax and pyothorax and what are the causes?

Answer 9

Chylothorax - ruptures lymph vessel; idiopathic

Pyothorax- suppurative, bacteria (nocardia, actinomyces, bacteroides); migrating foreign bodies

Question 10

Main gross lesion associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome

Answer 10

Laryngeal edema

Question 11

Main gross lesion associated with tracheal collapse

Answer 11

Dorsal flattening of trachea

Question 12

Causes of calcification/metastatic mineralization

Answer 12

Hypervitaminosis D
Renal failure
HyperCa of malignancy

Question 13

Rib impressions on lungs can indicate

Answer 13

Calcification/metastatic mineralization

Question 14

Most common location of nasal polyps

Answer 14

Nasopharynx and eustachian tube

Question 15

Clinical signs associated with feline rhinotracheitis (feline herpesvirus -1)

Answer 15

Rhinitis and conjunctivitis

Oral ulcerations are RARE

Question 16

Clinical signs associated with feline calicivirus

Answer 16

Oral and nasal ulcerations

Lower respiratory component

Question 17

80% of feline respiratory disease is due to

Answer 17

FHV-1 and calicivirus

Question 18

Clinical signs associated with chlamydophila felis

Answer 18

Conjunctivitis, ocular discharge

Question 19

Canine respiratory disease complex includes which pathogen

Answer 19

Canine parainfluenzavirus
Canine adenovirus type 2
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mycoplasma

Question 20

Canine adenovirus type 2

Answer 20

Severe necrotizing and proliferative bronchitis and bronchiolitis

Question 21

Common parasitic and fungal pathogens of lower respiratory tract

Answer 21

Parasitic:
Heartworm
Filaroides hirthi
Toxoplasma
Aleurostrongylus abstrus
Paragonimus kellicotti

Fungal:
Histoplasma
Blastomycosis
Crypto

Question 22

Unique characteristics of distemper

Answer 22

Synergistic concurrent infection with CPiV, CAV2, Bordetella

NOT primary ITB pathogen

Affects both upper and respiratory tracts