Liver

Question 1

Normal structure (histology) of liver

Answer 1

Portal region: portal vein and bile duct surrounded by periportal hepatocytes

Centrilobular region: central vein with sinusoid surrounded by hepatic cords

Question 2

How does blood and bile flow through liver? Which hepatocytes are most and least hypoxic and how does that affect disease?

Answer 2

Blood flows from hepatic artery to hepatic vein

Least hypoxic hepatocytes: periportal/zone 1

Most hypoxic: centrilobular/zone 3

Bile flow?

Question 3

Appearance and clinical signs associated with portosystemic shunts

Typical signalment for intra- and extra-hepatic shunts

Answer 3

Clinical signs - hepatic encephalopathy (seizure, ataxia, depression)

Intrahepatic: large breed dogs
Extrahepatic: small breed dogs

Question 4

Common appearance, histologic findings, and causes for cirrhosis

Answer 4

Gross: firm, small liver with nodular regeneration and fibrosis

Histologic:

Causes:

Question 5

Appearance and causes of chronic passive congestion and glycogen accumulation in hepatocytes

Answer 5

.

Question 6

Causes of cholestasis

Answer 6

.

Question 7

Common clinical signs and characteristics lesions of copper toxicocis

Answer 7

Cirrhosis

Question 8

Primary neoplasms of liver and their gross appearace

Answer 8

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