Respiratory

Question 1

What is biot’s respirations?

Answer 1

Fast and deep breathing punctuated by periods of apnea. Due to damage of medulla oblongata from strokes or meningitis

Question 2

What is ataxic respirations?

Answer 2

Irregular random pattern of deep and shallow respirations with irregular apneic periods. Due to increased ICP.

Question 3

What is apneustic breathing?

Answer 3

Prolonged inspiratory and expiratory pause. Presence of brainstem lesions.

Question 4

What are cheyne-stoke respirations?

Answer 4

Rhythmic crescendo and decrescendo of rate and depth os respiration with brief periods of apnea. Due to increase of carbon dioxide in cerebrum.

Question 5

Fat embolus

Answer 5

Petechiae of chest and axilla

Question 6

Sympathomimetic drugs

Answer 6

Epi, Albuterol, Terbutaline. Relax smooth muscles of bronchiols, increase heart rate

Question 7

Asthma discharge instructions

Answer 7

Never stop steroids abruptly - always taper

Question 8

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis discharge instructions

Answer 8

Pneumo and fly vaccine, stop smoking, stay hydrated, small frequent meals

Question 9

Larynx obstruction

Answer 9

Complete, heimlich

Question 10

Trachea obstruction

Answer 10

Complete, heimlich

Question 11

Bronchi obstruction

Answer 11

Unilateral wheezing, cough. In adult most likely lodged in right bronchi. In pedi, lodged in left bronchi

Question 12

Rib fracture treatmeat

Answer 12

Admit elderly patient into hospital, may be more difficult for them to compensate

Question 13

Flail chest manifestations

Answer 13

Paradoxical chest wall movement - inward during inspiration and outward during expiration

Question 14

Ruptured diaphragm manifestations

Answer 14

Epigastric pain that radiates to left shoulder, bowel sounds in the chest, heart sounds on right side of chest

Question 15

Tension pneumo manifestations

Answer 15

Tracheal deviation AWAY from the affected side, hyper resonance on affected side

Question 16

Treatment for tension pneumo

Answer 16

14-16 g needle inserted into second intercostal space, midclavicular line

Question 17

Treatment for an open pneumo

Answer 17

Apply non-occlusive dressing to wound at height os inspiration,t aping to three sides

Question 18

Chest drainage CONCERN

Answer 18

Initial output of more than 1500 mL of blood OR continued loss of more than 200 mL per hour

Question 19

Normal peak flow

Answer 19

71%-100% (Green=Good), 50%-70% (Yellow=caution), <50% (Red=medical emergency)

Question 20

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 20

Decreased pH, increased C02 (caused by hypoventilation)

Question 21

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 21

Increase pH, decreased C02 (caused by hyperventilation)

Question 22

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

Decreased pH, decreased HC03 (caused by diarrhea, renal disease)

Question 23

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 23

Increased pH, increased HC03 (caused by vomiting, gastric suction, potassium loss)