Neurological Flashcards
Normal ICP
0-15 mmHg
Cushing’s triad
Bradycardia, abnormal respirations, increased systolic pressure (widened pulse pressure)
Oval shaped pupils indicate…
Dysfuction or pressure on occulomotor nerve III
Doll’s test (oculocephalic reflex)
Move the patients head quickly to one side - eyes will deviate away from the direction that the head is rotated
Water caloric test (oculovestibular reflex)
Ice water injected into ear - both eyes move in the direction of the side water is instilled
Diffuse axonal injury manifestations
Posturing, HTN, hyperthermia, sweating, loss of brain stem reflexes
Epidural bleed location
Between skull and dura mater from the middle meningeal artery
Epidural bleed manifestations
Period of unconsciousness followed by lucid period then again unconscious, hemiparesis, dilated pupil on same side of injury
Subdural bleed location
between dura mater and subarachnoid from the small bridging veins
Subdural bleed manifestations
Slow onset, aloc, hemiparesis, fixed dilated pupilar, nausea
Subarachnoid bleed manifestations
“Worst headache of my life” nausea, vomiting, photophobia, seizure
Basilar skull fracture manifestations
Ecchymosis behind ear (battle sign), altered eye movement, facial palsy, hemorrhage in periorbital spaces (raccoon eyes)
Anosmia
inability to perceive smells
Posterior cord transmists…
Light touch, proprioception, vibration
Anterior cord transmits…
Motor function
Lateral cord transmits…
Pain, temperature
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Loss of motor function, proprioception and vibration on side of injury AND loss of pain and temperature on opposite side of injury
Cauda equina syndrome
Damage to lower spinal cord, may cause bowel and bladder problems
Autonomic dysreflexia
Sympathetic reaction to noxious stimuli (full bladder, full recturm, kidney stone, etc) causing vasoconstriction in lower body and vasodilation in upper body (HA, sweating, flushing, anxiety)
ALS/Lou Gerhig’s disease
Twitching, tingling, cramping starting in one limb, ultimately affecting all limbs, leading to problems with respiratory system
Multiple sclerosis
Autoimmune disease causing double vision, weakness, pain, tremors. Treatment is steroids and supportive care
Parkinson’s disease
Loss of dopamine producing cells in the brain
Myasthenia Gravis manifestations
Weakness, drooping eyelids, speech alteration
Guillain-Barre patho
Acute inflammatory polyneuropathy that affects motor components
