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CEN Exam > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Stroke volume

A

Preload, afterload and contractility. 60-130 mL/min

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2
Q

Normal central venous pressure

A

2-6 mmHg

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3
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Systolic-Diastolic

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4
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

Average over entire cardiac cycle ((2 x diastolic + systolic)/3)

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5
Q

Chronotropes

A

Affects heart rate

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6
Q

Inotropes

A

Affect contractility

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7
Q

Dromotropes

A

Affect automaticity

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8
Q

ACE-Inhibitor side effects

A

Angioedema, dry cough, hyperkalemia

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9
Q

Adenosine mechanism of action

A

Interrupt re-entry pathways through AV node

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10
Q

Adenosine side effects

A

Asystole, heart block

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11
Q

Anterior MI leads

A

V2, V3, V4

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12
Q

Anterior/Septal MI leads

A

V1, V2

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13
Q

Lateral MI leads

A

I, AVL, V5, V6

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14
Q

Apical MI leads

A

V5, V6

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15
Q

Inferior MI leads

A

II, III, AVF

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16
Q

Right ventricle MI leads

A

RV4, RV5, RV6

17
Q

Posterior MI leads

A

Tall R waves and ST depression in V1, V2

18
Q

Do not give Heparin if…

A

Platelet count is below 100,000

19
Q

Right Ventricular Infarct manifestations

A

Hypotension, JVD

20
Q

Right ventricular infarct treatment

A

Fluid, inotropes

21
Q

Variant angina (Prinzmetal’s angina) manifestations

A

ST elevation that resolves with pain relief, between midnight-8 AM

22
Q

Right sided heart failure manifestations

A

JVD, peripheral edema

23
Q

Osler’s node (endocarditis)

A

Tender nodules in the pulp of the digit

24
Q

Janeway Lesion (endocarditis)

A

Non-tender erythematous hemorrhagic on palms or soles

25
Q

Pericarditis manifestations

A

Chest pain relieved by sitting up, auscultation of friction rub, T waves changes in all leads

26
Q

Beck’s triad (Pericardial tamponade)

A

Muffles heart tones, hypotension, JVD

27
Q

Goal of hypertensive emergency

A

Reduce BP 30% in 30 minutes

28
Q

Most common and lethal aortic dissection

A

Ascending

29
Q

AAA manifestations

A

Tearing pain, BP change in different limbs, numbness in legs

30
Q

Ascending AA manifestations

A

Pain in substernal area, throat or jaw, hypotension

31
Q

Descending AA manifestations

A

Pain in back/abdomen/flank, hypertension

32
Q

Obstructive shock causes

A

Pregnancy, tension pneumo, cardiac tamponade, PE, AAA

33
Q

Hypovolemic shock causes

A

Bleeding out

34
Q

Distributive shock types

A

Neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic

35
Q

Cardiogenic shock causes

A

MI

36
Q

Left sided heart failure manifestations

A

Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema

CEN Exam (9 decks)

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