Cardiovascular

Question 1

Stroke volume

Answer 1

Preload, afterload and contractility. 60-130 mL/min

Question 2

Normal central venous pressure

Answer 2

2-6 mmHg

Question 3

Pulse pressure

Answer 3

Systolic-Diastolic

Question 4

Mean arterial pressure

Answer 4

Average over entire cardiac cycle ((2 x diastolic + systolic)/3)

Question 5

Chronotropes

Answer 5

Affects heart rate

Question 6

Inotropes

Answer 6

Affect contractility

Question 7

Dromotropes

Answer 7

Affect automaticity

Question 8

ACE-Inhibitor side effects

Answer 8

Angioedema, dry cough, hyperkalemia

Question 9

Adenosine mechanism of action

Answer 9

Interrupt re-entry pathways through AV node

Question 10

Adenosine side effects

Answer 10

Asystole, heart block

Question 11

Anterior MI leads

Answer 11

V2, V3, V4

Question 12

Anterior/Septal MI leads

Answer 12

V1, V2

Question 13

Lateral MI leads

Answer 13

I, AVL, V5, V6

Question 14

Apical MI leads

Answer 14

V5, V6

Question 15

Inferior MI leads

Answer 15

II, III, AVF

Question 16

Right ventricle MI leads

Answer 16

RV4, RV5, RV6

Question 17

Posterior MI leads

Answer 17

Tall R waves and ST depression in V1, V2

Question 18

Do not give Heparin if…

Answer 18

Platelet count is below 100,000

Question 19

Right Ventricular Infarct manifestations

Answer 19

Hypotension, JVD

Question 20

Right ventricular infarct treatment

Answer 20

Fluid, inotropes

Question 21

Variant angina (Prinzmetal’s angina) manifestations

Answer 21

ST elevation that resolves with pain relief, between midnight-8 AM

Question 22

Right sided heart failure manifestations

Answer 22

JVD, peripheral edema

Question 23

Osler’s node (endocarditis)

Answer 23

Tender nodules in the pulp of the digit

Question 24

Janeway Lesion (endocarditis)

Answer 24

Non-tender erythematous hemorrhagic on palms or soles

Question 25

Pericarditis manifestations

Answer 25

Chest pain relieved by sitting up, auscultation of friction rub, T waves changes in all leads

Question 26

Beck's triad (Pericardial tamponade)

Answer 26

Muffles heart tones, hypotension, JVD

Question 27

Goal of hypertensive emergency

Answer 27

Reduce BP 30% in 30 minutes

Question 28

Most common and lethal aortic dissection

Answer 28

Ascending

Question 29

AAA manifestations

Answer 29

Tearing pain, BP change in different limbs, numbness in legs

Question 30

Ascending AA manifestations

Answer 30

Pain in substernal area, throat or jaw, hypotension

Question 31

Descending AA manifestations

Answer 31

Pain in back/abdomen/flank, hypertension

Question 32

Obstructive shock causes

Answer 32

Pregnancy, tension pneumo, cardiac tamponade, PE, AAA

Question 33

Hypovolemic shock causes

Answer 33

Bleeding out

Question 34

Distributive shock types

Answer 34

Neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic

Question 35

Cardiogenic shock causes

Answer 35

MI

Question 36

Left sided heart failure manifestations

Answer 36

Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema