respiratory Flashcards
where do you find cartilage and goblet cells in the respiratory tree?
from top to end of bronchi
where do you find pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells in the respiratory tree?
up to beginning of terminal bronchioles
where do you find airway smooth mm cells?
up to end of terminal bronchioles (sparse afterward)
thin cells, line alveoli, 97% of alveolar surface?
type I pneumocytes
what kind of cells make up the respiratory bronchioles?
cuboidal
where do cilia terminate in respiratory tree?
respiratory bronchioles
what do alveolar macrophages do?
clear debris
immune response
cuboidal clustered cells, make surfactant?
type II pneumocytes
- precursors to type I and type II cells
- proliferate in lung injury
non-ciliated low-columnar/cuboidal cells with secretory granules?
clara/club cells
secrete component of surfactant
degrade toxins
reserve cells
what is the formula for collapsing pressure?
P = 2(surface tension)/radius
what is surfactant made up of?
lecithings!
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is most important
when does surfactant synthesis start?
week 26 GA
when does surfactant synthesis reach mature levels? how do you tell?
~ week 35 GA
lecithin:sphingomyelin > 2 in amniotic fluid –> mature
pulmonary artery in relation to bronchus at hilum?
RALS
right - anterior
left - superior
where does an aspirated peanut go?
if upright –> lower R inferior lobe
if supine –> superior R inferior lobe
what perforates diaphragm at T12?
aorta
thoracic duct
azygous vein
referred pain from diaphragm?
shoulder (C5) trapezius ridge (C3, C4)
where be the bifurcations?
common carotid: C4
trachea: T4
abdominal aorta: L4
